Importance of Natural Resources essay. Natural resources were historically an important condition of the successful development of countries. The disparity in the access to natural resources predetermined, to child labour a significant extent, the socioeconomic disparity in the development of Northern countries and Southern ones. In fact, the economic and technological development of countries and the difference in their development was driven by the availability of natural resources, which stimulated the on turnitin development of technology and, therefore, economic progress of those communities and countries, which benefited from the available natural resources and society the backwardness of those countries and communities, which lacked natural resources. Even though today the process of globalization makes natural resources available worldwide, but the world economy still depends on natural resources and those countries, which have access to natural resources, especially fossil fuels, such as oil and gas, can keep progressing fast, while those, which have limited opportunities to use natural resources are doomed to backwardness. В В В В В В В В В В В Historically, natural resources played the role of the main driver of the essays outline economic development of nations (Deudney & Flavin 114). For example, coal mining and the availability of essay labour plague society, iron to Great Britain allowed the letter professor country to become one of the leaders in the world economy and conduct its industrial revolution successfully. Similarly the availability of natural resources became the major condition of the successful economic and technological development of other powers, including the labour plague society US, France, Germany and others (Kraft & Kameniecky 158). At the same time, the significant role of natural resources as the major driver of the economic development becomes obvious, when the availability of natural resources, their use and historical socioeconomic and technological development of countries is professor compared. Essay Labour Society? In this regard, the disparity between North and South is particularly obvious (McCormick 214). Defend Challenge Qualify? For example, early civilizations emerged in Northern hemisphere of the child labour society world basically due to the availability of natural resources, such as iron ore, for example, which allowed people to start making first tools as well as weapon. At this point, it is worth mentioning early civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, India and China, which were all located in Northern hemisphere due to the available natural resources, such as iron ores (Best 664). For example, the beginning of the early production of essays outline, bronze boosted the technological and economic development of those civilizations. Essay Labour Plague Society? The further introduction of iron, steel and other materials based on the use of entrance outline, natural resources accelerated their economic and technological development even more. Moreover, even the early settlement of people were determined by their natural environment and availability of child society, natural resources, such as water and fertile soil, which people used for their regular life and penalty essay basic needs. In the course of essay society, time, the role of natural resources increased even more because they became essential for the economic development of nations and fast technological progress (Lewis 245). At this point, it is possible to return to the time of the industrial revolution once again since the industrial revolution would be impossible without rich natural resources available to leading nations, such as Great Britain, France, Germany and the US (McCormick 148). The availability of such natural resources as coal and iron ore allowed them to boost their industrial production and develop transportation system, which, in its turn, accelerated trade within those countries as well as between those countries. At the same time, the rest of the world that had limited access to students help on essays us natural resources remained under-developed and suffered from technological and economic backwardness. The role of natural resources as the plague major driver of the economic and technological development became even more evident in the 20 th century, when the traditional major powers, such as Great Britain, the US and others faced the tightening competition from the part of emerging economies of Southeast Asia (Kassman 149). In fact, the successful economic and technological development became possible due to the process of bullying research paper, accelerated industrialization with the further transition to essay child plague scientific, knowledge-based industries. Statement? The economic development of nations was therefore determined by the use of natural resources. In this respect, it is possible to refer to the level of the energy consumption in the world in the 20 th century as well as today. The energy consumption is the major indicator of the level of economic and technological development of nations (Best 665). So far, the most developed nations have the highest level of the energy consumption, although they are trying to do their best to reduce this level to protect their environment and focus on child labour plague society, the sustainable development (McCormick 124). However, the energy is still an essential condition of the of application successful economic and essay child plague technological development as well as it is an essential condition of the maintenance of the competitive position of nations in the global economy. At the same time, the lion share of energy in the world is workplace bullying generated by means of using natural resources, especially fossil fuels, like oil and gas. The share of renewable or alternative sources of essay labour, energy is still low, whereas the professor major source of energy remains to be fossil fuels (McCormick 195). The availability of fossil fuels becomes the major factor that determines the competitive position of nations in the global economy. At this point, it is possible to essay labour society refer to the crisis of the mid-1970s, which was triggered by of application professor, the refusal of the Middle Eastern countries to sell oil at the low price (McCormick 202). This energy war resulted in a profound downturn in the economic development of the US and other well-developed nations. Today, the dependence of nations on fossil fuels is still very significant. On the other hand, the availability of child labour, oil and natural gas allow countries to boost their economic development, even if they are mere exporters of natural resources. At this point, it is possible to refer to countries of the Persian Gulf region, which used to be poor, under-developed nations, while today, they have become prosperous, technologically advanced nations that play an important part in the global economy. Their progress was the result of the oil export, which boosted their development and check on turnitin allowed them to essay plague increase their role in the world economy since they become the students need help on essays companies us major suppliers of oil to the global market (McCormick 215). At any rate, decisions taken by Saudi Arabia and other oil exporting countries located in the Persian Gulf have a considerable impact on society, the oil price and situation in the global economy because oil is still the major source of energy, which is required for the fast economic development and maintenance of stable functioning of well-developed economies. In such a way, the oil production and consumption has become the major driver of the economic development in the second half of the 20 th century and letter still remains today. Hence, oil is one of the child plague society most valuable natural resources today, which is essential for the normal existence of the modern civilization because without oil the current level of the energy production would be impossible, while the modern civilization will not survive without the high level of the energy production at the moment. On the other hand, oil is professor just an example of the great significance of labour plague society, natural resources in the economic development of nations. The consumption of natural resources have become a norm that leads to the destructive impact of human economic activities as well as regular, everyday life activities on their environment (McCormick 156). For example, the consumption of timber has triggered the deforestation of many regions of the world that raises the problem of the threat to the natural environment. In addition, the use of natural resources leads to the pollution of the environment but the real problem of the letter of application professor modern world is the dilemma which virtually all countries face. On the one hand, they need natural resources to boost their economic and technological development, whereas, on the other hand, the use of natural resources leads to the further deterioration of the environmental situation. Thus, today, nations need to develop new policies oriented on the wise and essay child plague effective use of natural resources. Death Deterrence? However, what proves to be beyond a doubt is the great role of natural resources in the development of nations. Historically, naturally resources played the key part in the economic and essay labour plague technological development of countries and today they still play the crucial part in the development of nations because they determine the competitive position of nations in the global economy.

cuban missile crisis essay questions

Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center has created this site as a resource for the Cuban Missile Crisis. Plague? Designed to help policymakers, students, and interested citizens draw lessons from these critical events half a century ago, this site not only death penalty essay, provides background on essay plague society the crisis that brought the check my paper on turnitin, world to the brink of nuclear disaster in October 1962 but also offers tools to understand how it can inform contemporary policy. What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? “The Cuban Missile Crisis was a thirteen-day confrontation from October 15 to October 28, 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over the positioning of nuclear missiles in Cuba. In 1962, the Soviet Union secretly placed nuclear-tipped missiles on essay child plague the Communist-led island of Cuba. After discovering the missiles in October, the U.S. responded by blockading Cuba. Following a period of intense discussions and fear of a nuclear catastrophe, President John F. Kennedy made a proposal to Premier Nikita Khrushchev that the Soviet leader accepted; The Soviets withdrew the missiles after the U.S. pledged publicly never to invade Cuba and promised privately to withdraw its own nuclear missiles from Turkey. The Cold War was a political struggle between the Western world, represented by the United States and NATO allies and the Eastern Bloc, organized by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (sometimes referred to as the Soviet Union or USSR) and its allies. From roughly the end of World War II in 1945 until 1991, the U.S. and the Soviet Union competed against each other to demonstrate the superiority of each one’s politico-economic system: democracy and capitalism vs. authoritarianism and communism, During the workplace bullying paper, Cold War, neither side directly engaged in all-out war with each other. However, they competed through proxy conflicts, whether political (supporting democratic or communist parties), economic (development aid), or military (supporting opposing forces in child the “Third World”). Initially, the check on turnitin, superpowers focused on post-World War II Europe as they tried to child labour win over letter states to their sides. As the essay labour plague, Cold War progressed and dividing lines in Europe were consolidated, the superpowers increasingly focused on the developing world in South America, Asia, and Africa. Who were the American and Soviet leaders during the Cuban Missile Crisis? John F. Kennedy was President of the United States, having been elected in 1960. Nikita Khrushchev assumed control of the Soviet Union in 1953 following the death of the previous leader Joseph Stalin. The Executive Committee of the National Security Council, or EXCOMM, was a group of American officials within the White House who were consulted during the Cuban Missile Crisis. EXCOMM served as an advisory council to Kennedy during the Crisis. The book The Kennedy Tapes , edited by Ernest May and Philip Zelikow, provides a transcript of the group’s deliberations. Click here for a list of EXCOMM members. Who was Fidel Castro? Fidel Castro was a revolutionary who in 1959 overthrew the government of Cuba, an island state 90 miles away from the U.S., and became its new leader. Death Penalty? Castro first began his revolutionary struggle in 1953; after an initial defeat, he regrouped and launched a successful insurgency that caused President Fulgencio Batista to flee and allowed Castro to seize power. Why was Castro’s Cuba hostile to the U.S.? The Cuban government was initially neutral to the superpower competition. The Soviet Union initially was at first uninterested in Cuba, and Castro even toured the U.S. in 1959. Yet Castro frayed the relationship with America when he threatened, and child society ultimately undertook, reforms that would harm American-owned property in the country. The increasingly hostile relationship with the college, U.S. provided an opening for the Soviet Union. Castro formed trade ties with Moscow and as Cuba grew closer to the USSR, relations with Washington deteriorated further. The U.S. Essay Child Labour Plague Society? revoked its diplomatic recognition of Cuba at the beginning of 1961. What is NATO? What was the Warsaw Pact? The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO, is an alliance of entrance essays outline, countries formed initially from a core of Western European and labour society North American states (the U.S., Canada, the UK, and college essays outline others). Founded in 1949, the alliance aimed to deter a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. The alliance provided for collective defense, meaning that an attack against one member state was an attack against all members of the alliance. NATO still exists and has added many ex-Communist countries in Europe as part of the alliance. The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet version of NATO: it was an alliance of the essay plague, Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites. Research? The alliance was formed to deter a Western invasion of the member states that were part of the USSR’s sphere of influence. It was founded in 1955, in part due to West Germany’s accession to NATO, and was sometimes referred to as the Eastern Bloc. Plague? The decline and fall of the Soviet Union led to challenge thesis the Warsaw Pact’s dissolution in 1991. What was the Berlin Blockade of 1948? During the negotiations ending World War II, the Allies agreed to split Germany into four parts: three parts in the western half of the country, controlled by the Western allies (the U.S., France, and the United Kingdom); and one part in the east controlled by the Soviet Union. The Western allies established a democratic, capitalist government in child labour their portion while the Soviets put in place a communist government in the territory they controlled. Eventually, the territories split into two new countries: democratic West Germany and communist East Germany. Challenge Qualify? Yet the essay, former capital city of Berlin, situated in East Germany had also been divided into Western and Eastern zones. Therefore, due to bullying research the Western occupation of half of Berlin, an exclave of West Germany was surrounded by child labour society, East Germany. For further information, consult this map and publication here. In 1948, the Soviet Union tried to force the Western powers out of Berlin by blockading all land routes to West Berlin until full control of the city was handed over to the Soviets. The Western powers overcame this by airlifting supplies to Berlin, until the Soviets ended the blockade in 1949. What was the Berlin Crisis of 1958 to college students on essays 1961? In 1958, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev issued an ultimatum to essay child society NATO demanding that it relinquish West Berlin to college essays East Germany. Khrushchev originally gave a six-month deadline, but this was continually pushed back until the crisis escalated in 1961. During the summer of 1961, Khrushchev met Kennedy in Vienna and demanded yet again that NATO hand over control of West Berlin to essay child labour plague East Germany. This summit preceded the Soviet/East German decision to seal off West Berlin by building the Berlin Wall. Beginning on students companies August 13, the Soviets and East Germans built a wall that bisected the child labour society, city and prevented free passage between the Western and Eastern zones. Beginning on October 27, American and death penalty deterrence essay Soviet forces faced off at “Checkpoint Charlie,” an access point controlling passage across the wall. The Berlin Crisis was eventually resolved when the United States acquiesced to the wall’s construction in essay labour plague society November 1961. However, Khrushchev had not yet achieved his objective of establishing East German control over West Berlin. Khrushchev believed that the installation of paper, Soviet missiles in Cuba could be used as leverage in negotiations over Berlin. Essay Society? Khrushchev thought that Washington might trade the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba missiles for NATO’s retreat from West Berlin. Why did the Soviet Union put missiles in Cuba? The Soviet Union put missiles in Cuba for defend challenge thesis two primary reasons: (1) to boost the Soviet Union’s power, threatening the U.S. with nuclear attack from the Caribbean and (2) to society bolster the Soviet Union’s bargaining position in its attempts to force West Berlin to of application for college join East Germany. Additional reasons included defending Cuba from American invasion and bolstering Soviet prestige. Why did the U.S. place missiles in Turkey? The U.S. had prepared for essay child labour society a possible war in Europe by placing nuclear weapons in allied countries. Bombers and ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons were intended as a deterrent against a Soviet invasion of Germany and other NATO countries. Nuclear missiles were placed in my paper Turkey, a NATO member that shared a border with two Soviet republics, because of its proximity to the Soviet Union. Why did the U.S. blockade Cuba? Many members of EXCOMM argued in favor of a military strike to destroy the nuclear missiles in Cuba before they became operational. President Kennedy, however, did not want to escalate to war so quickly. Instead, he decided to blockade Cuba to prevent the essay child labour, installation of check on turnitin, additional Soviet nuclear missiles. While this step did not defuse the crisis, it bought the President time and avoided a direct attack against Cuba. What were the Soviet forces in Cuba? The Soviets installed 36 to plague society 42 medium SS-4 medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) in Cuba. Six of the missiles were decoy versions to check deceive a potential American attack or for use in training. The missiles had a range of 1,100 nautical miles (1,266 miles) and could reach New Orleans, Miami, and Washington, DC. Each missile’s warhead had an essay labour plague, explosive capacity of about 1 megaton (the equivalent of one million tons of us, explosive), more than 60 times the destructive power of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima (which was only labour society, 16 kilotons, or the equivalent of 16,000 tons of explosive). Twelve short-range, Luna tactical nuclear missiles were also in Cuba. They had a range of about 17 nautical miles (20 miles) and were designed for use in battle: the Soviets would only use them in essays outline the event of an American invasion. Each missile’s warhead was delivered to Cuba: these had an explosive capacity of 2 kilotons (an eighth the size of the weapon used at Hiroshima). Soviet commanders were initially authorized to use these weapons with no further input from Moscow. Child Labour Plague? That changed on October 27, when the of application, Soviet government instructed them not to be fired without authorization from essay child labour plague society, Moscow. The Soviets also had 80 Sopka-variant cruise missiles in four missile batteries arrayed along the Cuban coast. Many, if not all, of the companies, warheads for plague these missiles were delivered to Cuba by the beginning of the Missile Crisis on on turnitin October 14, 1962. Each missile’s warhead had an child labour, explosive capacity of 12 kilotons (three-quarters of the yield of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima). These missiles had a range of 40 nautical miles (46 miles): they were to be used to counter an American invasion of Cuba. There were also 42 unassembled IL-28 bombers (NATO codename: “Beagle) in Cuba (only seven were assembled by the end of the crisis). These bombers had a range of 600 nautical miles: from college entrance outline, their airbases, the bombers could hit Jacksonville, Tampa, and Miami. There were six nuclear bombs in Cuba capable of being carried by the IL-28s, each with a 12 kiloton yield. The Soviets had over 40,000 troops in Cuba. Were there any Soviet weapons that did not make it to Cuba? Yes. 24 intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBMs) were also intended to plague be installed in Cuba. These had a range of 2,200 nautical miles (2,532 miles). These missiles could have hit as far away as Chicago, Boston, and even Newfoundland. The U.S. blockade prevented these from being delivered to my paper on turnitin Cuba. Were the missiles in Cuba capable of nuking American cities? Yes. 45 warheads suitable for use on the 36 MRBMs arrived on October 4, 1962. Just before the blockade took effect on October 21, 24 warheads for the IRBMs had arrived; however, the missiles to carry those warheads were never delivered because of the essay child labour plague, blockade. Had the Americans discovered the missile sites two weeks later, the MRBMs would have been armed and ready for my paper launch against the United States. Had the IL-28s successfully penetrated America’s air defenses in the southeast, they could have hit American cities. If the U.S. had invaded Cuba, the local commander had been authorized to use tactical nuclear weapons in defense of the island. President Kennedy and his advisers were not aware of this. Essay Child Society? If tactical nuclear weapons had been used against U.S. forces, escalation to full nuclear war between the superpowers would have been very likely. What did the United States know about the letter of application professor, Cuban missiles at the time of the essay plague, crisis? The Americans identified 40 missile launchers in Cuba: these were the apparatuses necessary to launch a missile. There were 24 MRBM launchers and 16 IRBMs launchers. At the time, according to Robert McNamara, the Americans did not believe there were nuclear warheads in college entrance Cuba. They also only estimated that there were 10,000 Soviet soldiers in Cuba, not the 40,000 that were actually there. What was the “Secret Deal” between Robert F. Kennedy and Anatoly Dobrynin? On October 27, President Kennedy dispatched his brother Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy to make an offer to the Soviet ambassador to the U.S., Anatoly Dobrynin, in the hope of defusing the crisis. Essay Labour Plague? Kennedy offered Dobrynin two things in exchange for Soviet removal of the Cuban missiles: (1) the U.S. would publically pledge never to invade Cuba and (2) the college, U.S. would secretly withdraw missiles from Turkey. The U.S. refused to labour plague publically admit to removing the Turkish missiles because it did not want to college help on essays appear weak. The Soviet Union accepted this offer the next day. Why did the Soviets withdraw the missiles? The reasons why Khrushchev withdrew missiles from Cuba are still somewhat uncertain. Scholars conclude that two major factors were at essay plague, play in the Soviet decision: (1) Khrushchev knew that war over Cuba could quickly escalate into college entrance essays, nuclear war that would destroy both superpowers and (2) the Soviet government won what Khrushchev considered significant concessions from the U.S: the pledge never to invade Cuba and to essay child labour plague remove American missiles from Turkey. Who was in EXCOMM, the advisory council to Kennedy, during the letter of application professor, crisis? 1. President John F. Kennedy. 2. Attorney General Robert Kennedy. 3. Secretary of State Dean Rusk. 4. Secretary of child labour plague, Defense Robert McNamara. 5. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Maxwell Taylor. 6. CIA Director John McCone. 7. Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon. 8. National Security Adviser McGeorge Bundy. 9. Special Counsel Theodore Sorensen. 10. Undersecretary of State (Rusk’s deputy) George Ball. 11. Deputy Secretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric. 12. Deputy Undersecretary of State U. Alexis Johnson. 13. Ambassador at of application for college professor, Large for Soviet Affairs Llewellyn “Tommy” Thompson. 14. Assistant Secretary of State Edwin Martin. 15. State policy planner Walt Rostow. 16. Assistant Secretary of Defense Paul Nitze. Others involved in Cuban Missile Crisis: 1. Vice President Lyndon Johnson attended almost all of the key White House meetings. 2. UN ambassador and former presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson traveled to Washington and joined a few of the White House sessions, as did former Secretary of Defense Robert Lovett. 3. Child? Former Secretary of State Dean Acheson gave private advice and attended some meetings at the State Department.

essays for gcse english

How to essay plague society write your best essay ever! English biz has separate guides for each of the types of writing you'll meet on your course but this particular guide is probably the most important of them all. It will show you how to construct an effective, well-structured argument-based essay. How do you feel when you're given an essay to write? Do you fill with f-f-fear? W-w-wobble with worry? P-p-pour with perspiration? Well, here's a way that make the whole process more satisfying and enjoyable! Okay, he's off his rocker (but we won't worry as he's not real!). He's yet to discover that writing an essay is never going to be an easy task, even for the best writers. But you're about to find out how it can be made much more straightforward , interesting and effective . Penalty! Oh, and likely to gain you a significantly higher grade, too! So that's something to feel, well. Child Labour! just a little bit excited about! It's important to understand one thing before we start: unlike a maths or science question, an English essay question has no single 'correct' answer. You can breathe easy on that one. It's just not like that. In an English essay there is no one 'answer' and letter of application nothing to labour plague 'prove'. That isn't to say there aren't wrong answers - there are. Penalty Essay! These are those based on essay child society, 'mis-readings' of letter, your texts. But what your teacher or examiner wants is a reasonable, informed, explained and essay child labour society well-supported view . In a nutshell, that's it. An essay requires this from you: a succinct opening in which you give an overview of your response to the essay question. This is a kind of 'super-condensed' response that sums up your whole response in a line or two. you can add to the opening sentences, a very brief explanation of wh at students need help on essays us, aspects of the text brought you to this view . If you can give, say, four - six aspects, then you are setting out the plague coming structure of essays outline, your essay . There is no better way to essay society begin an essay than like this. From this point on you will never be left scratching your head wondering what to write next. the remainder of the essay is merely a series of P>E>E paragraphs that, point by point, argue the check case for what you have just stated. Child Society! Each point (P) needs its own paragraph and to bullying research have support (E) from the text (either a quotation, or an explanation of some aspect of form or structure ) along with with an explanation (E) of how the child labour society text brought you to such a view, the on turnitin effects it created, the methods the author used to create the effects and, finally, its relevance to the text, that is, the author's purposes . That's it. Done and dusted! More detail below if needed. The secret of a good essay? Make it an essay child labour plague society argument ! An effective essay is of application for college professor, a piece of writing that makes a strong and well-supported case for a stated viewpoint . The view it makes the case for is your response to the essay title or question . You'll have arrived at after a couple of readings of the text, more if a poem, and one of which will be a so-called 'close-reading' when you annotate the text carefully in line with whatever the essay question asks, seeking out support as quotations or explanations of useful effects created by form and structure . So your essay starts with a clear statement of your opinion . It could be something like, as an example: 'Shakespeare's theme of violence in Romeo and essay child labour society Juliet is shown especially effectively through the opening scene, as well as through the characters of Mercutio and Tybalt and an analysis of these three dramatic aspects will form the basis of penalty deterrence essay, this essay.' The opening overview is sometimes called a thesis statement . The 'thesis' is plague, your response, i.e. the heart of your 'argument'. It's what the letter for college professor essay goes on to explain and support to show that it is a view that is well - considered, based on the text and reasonable to child labour hold . Essays are about college opinions, not facts. This point is crucial to take on essay labour, board. There is entrance essays, never a straightforward right answer to an essay q uestion or title. Child Plague Society! There are wrong answers, of course - caused through, for example, misinterpreting the text; but the 'answer' to an essay question will always be a point of view . Essays deal in opinions, not facts . This is why your teacher is looking to read your views and college students help why you have come to essay labour think in bullying this particular way. How do you arrive at a 'thesis' or overview? This is the tough part - there's no getting away from that. Not least, this is because it puts to the test your knowledge of the text and your understanding of the essay title or question . The good news is that when it's done and done well, the remainder of the essay becomes much more straightforward and far more interesting to write, perhaps even a little exciting! The Outline Structure for an Effective Essay. As already stated above, this first paragraph needs to open with a clearly stated summary of your whole 'answer' along with an equally brief summary of the essay child labour plague aspects of the text you'll be analysing to show your stated view is sound . It is these early sentences that provide the deterrence essay major 'signposts' that give your essay and its general direction. Importantly, you need to set a confident tone early on in the essay. This can be done by adding in a very few details to show you've grasped the text's big picture . This should be a brief comment (brevity is everything in essay child labour the opening paragraph) on the major details of the story (poem or whatever) along with an equally brief statement of any relevant context , (that is the situation you feel brought the writer to want to write their text, including key aspects of their social , cultural and literary contexts ). This will, though, always need to be focused on the needs of the workplace research paper essay question . Notice how you are constantly seeking to avoid waffle and generalised 'bolted on' comments ; instead, you need to keep all you write tightly focused on the needs of the essay title or question. This is the bulk of the essay. It is a series of paragraphs each introduced with a new clear important and wholly relevant point . Sadly, it's all too easy to open a in a way that inspires little confidence and which drifts from the essay question or argument. Avoid this by opening each and every paragraph in a way that is essay child, clearly and directly developing the essay's 'answer' or argument . If you started by stating the four-six aspects you'll be covering in your essay, then you'll have no difficulty knowing what to write in penalty essay these body paragraphs. This is where you restate, in a different form, your opening argument and give a brief list of the child labour plague society major points you have made along with a comment about the wider implications and research relevance of what you have found. It will help to think back to essay plague society the imaginary classroom situation. What would follow on from the highly condensed 'answer' you gave to your teacher? Your teacher might say, 'Good, that's a fair view to hold - but why do you think that? Show me from the text itself what made you think that way.' In the written essay, you'll need to be providing a whole lot more 'evidence' mainly in the form of quotations each one itself supported by workplace bullying research a commentary derived from an analysis of the quotation's literary and linguistic content . However, with a central and guiding argument starting off and essay labour plague society flowing through the entire essay, it now becomes much easier to college essays search the text for aspects and quotations that will provide good quality evidence to support the essay's points. Each point and supporting quotation needs to be followed by an analysis and comment . Child Labour Plague! Some teachers call this the P.E.E. ( point > example > explanation ) or P.Q.C. ( point > quotation > comment ) system. This is needed to explain how and why the aspect of the text or the quotation 'works' within the context of the essay question and the originally stated argument. Certain key questions need to be answered concerning each quotation used: What techniques have been used to make the language of the quotation effective? This means discussing the writer's methods , e.g. through the qualify thesis creation of realistic dialogue; the use of an effective metaphor; through vivid description; onomatopoeia; alliteration; effective stage directions, etc. How does the method used affect the reader's understanding of the text and its themes (e.g. 'the effect of this passage is to create a sense of really being there for child plague the reader. ')? Why was this method used (i.e. what was the writer's purpose )? E.g. 'At this point on the story the author wants to gain the reader's attention in essay order to begin exploring the overall theme of injustice. ' MARK GRABBING TIP No. 1! Begin all of your paragraphs in such a way that it is absolutely clear you are focused on the essay question and its requirements, thus building up your overall argument. This will keep the essay on track and avoid the plague of poor essays: wandering, digression and waffle! What if your essay title isn't in the form of a question? When considered as a question, you will often find it is easier to generate that all-important single main point of view to it - the main idea upon which you will then base the remainder of your essay . Here is an example of a main idea succinctly stated (i.e. Essay Child Labour Plague! thesis statement ) that could be used to create an check my paper on turnitin argument essay from the above question: The remainder of this - or any other - essay must then be no more than a linked series of points with each point explained , developed and supported in a paragraph of its own . Plague Society! These points must all be directly related to the main idea you have already explained in the opening paragraph, which itself is your response to the essay title or question. Remember that each point - each paragraph - must set out to explain , develop and qualify statement support some aspect of your over-riding main idea and nothing more . In this example, the paragraph that follows the opening paragraph - the first of what is called the body paragraphs of your essay - could be based on the point that the theme of child labour plague, ambition is shown through what Macbeth and defend qualify thesis Lady Macbeth are given by Shakespeare to essay child labour plague society say and on essays companies do in Act One of the play. The third paragraph of your essay - its second body paragraph - might then explore, develop and support how the child society theme of essays, ambition is shown through these two characters in some part of Act 2, and so on. Below you'll find lots more detail and essay plague society ideas for research writing an effective essay but with luck, the above will have given you the basic idea. Aim to 'integrate' words or phrases from the text you are studying directly into your own sentences (still using quotation marks, of essay society, course). Don't overdo this effective technique, but used sparingly, this use of essays outline, 'embedded' quotations can help create a very impressive style, one that suggests you have a good grasp of the text and the essay question. Here are some examples of how to use embedded quotations. The first is from the essay child labour plague society opening of John Steinbeck's novel, 'Of Mice and Men': 'Small and quick' George is presented by Steinbeck as a character in complete contrast to his friend, the lumbering and 'shapeless' Lennie. Here is a similarly embedded quotation from J B Priestley's 'An Inspector Calls': As the Inspector says, 'We don't live alone' and this is an important message Priestley gives his audience. Finally, see how this can be done using John Agard's poem, 'Half-Caste': Perhaps Agard also wants his reader to 'come back tomorrow' with a different attitude towards those they might feel are in challenge qualify thesis statement any way different from themselves. MORE TIPS AND MORE DETAIL! Essays take a great deal of effort and time and so deserve careful preparation. T he most common failing examiners find is a lack of understanding of the text on which the essay labour society essay is based. This is to take the road signpos ted 'Failure'. Penalty! But you're heading elsewhere. So. get to know your text well. You won't succeed if you don't! I f you struggle with the text, read it through again with a study guide to hand. Also, talk the text over with friends or your teacher. Plague! There is more help with specific texts here . Many essay writers fail to create an on essays companies us initial main viewpoint or drift from this single focus. This loses marks as it leads to waffle , vagueness and generalisation . As you've read above, another common pitfall is to focus too much on the surface features of the text you are writing about. This happens when you write at essay child plague society, length about the meaning of the text, i.e. by telling what happens in it. In effect, all you are doing when you do this is to workplace research paper retell the story of the plague society text. You need to be discussing how and why the author has created an effective text through careful, interesting and effective choices of style and language as well as structure . M ore marks are lost if you forget the need to support the points you make in each paragraph. A good idea is to for college professor try to use at least one quotation - or reference to the text - per paragraph. Remember, too, that this is an English essay and this means you need to child labour plague reflect how authors use language and literary techniques in effective ways in deterrence essay their writing . Aim only to choose quotations that contain important elements in them that will allow you to discuss in depth aspects of, for example, their literary style , language or structure. Consider discussing, for example, how the quotation acts to build tension , mood , character , a sense of essay child labour, place or how it helps explore one of the text's themes . Discuss, too, how the quotation works both at death deterrence essay, the point it occurs and child labour society as a contribution to the whole , i.e. the thesis statement way it helps the writer achieve his or her purpose . This means you need to discuss aspects of the quotation such as its effectiveness - which means discussing aspects of child labour plague, language , structure and style . 1. DEVELOP A STRONG INITIAL FOCUS FOR YOUR ESSAY. The word 'essay' comes from a French word meaning 'attempt': your essay is your attempt to argue for your point of view , a view that when succinctly expressed is called a thesis statement . This 'thesis statement' needs to be an challenge thesis idea you developed based on an interpretation of whatever aspect of the text is essay child, asked in letter for college the essay question. Interpretation means considering how a text operates at different levels ; it is essay child, your interpretation of the text that will be at the heart of the essay: an interpretation that must supports the overall thesis statement. 2. FIND SOLID SUPPORT FOR YOUR VIEWPOINT. You will need to search through the text and death deterrence essay note down a series of aspects and quotations that can be used to support the overall view you have developed. Use 'post-it notes' to help with this or write the essay society aspects/quotations down separately. Choose aspects or quotations that you can analyse successfully for the methods used , effects created and thesis purpose intended . 3. WRITE AN EFFECTIVE OPENING PARAGRAPH. Use your introductory paragraph to state your point of view , i.e. your thesis statement. The purpose of your opening paragraph is to essay child make clear your thesis statement - response to the essay question: that is, to explain the focus of your argument - your main idea or point of view. Stated clearly at the opening to your essay, this shows how you intend to letter for college answer the essay child labour plague society essay question and professor what general direction your essay will take. Essay Labour! Following your thesis statement, it's a good idea to students on essays companies add a little more detail that acts to 'preview' each of the child plague major points that you will cover in the body of the essay. Entrance Outline! This opening paragraph will then act to essay show - succinctly - where you stand regarding the questions and how you intend to answer it. Importantly, in the opening paragraph of your essay you will also need to write an overview of the text, one that gives a succinct summary of the ' big picture ' of the text; importantly, too, of course, this must be focused on the requirements of the essay question. Giving a succinct account of the big picture of the text in on turnitin the opening paragraph will show that you have engaged with and digested the detail of essay child society, three key aspects of the essay: the essay question, the text and its author - perhaps also, a brief account of the author's context . Giving an overview suggests a confident approach and is a hallmark of the best essays. TIP: It is workplace, always impressive to incorporate into your own sentences, using quotation marks of course, a short suitable quotation taken from the text. Some teachers call this using embedded quotations. Keep all references to the biographical background of the author and any aspects of his or her context entirely relevant to the essay question and - brief! Remember that this is not a history or a sociology essay so very few marks are awarded for this kind of background information (although that does not mean it might not be useful). The majority of essay child labour, marks in an English essay are awarded for the quality of analysis and interpretation you show - that is, an awareness of the author's uses of the need on essays us English language and literary uses of this. If your essay title does concern aspects of context try hard to discuss context by child labour plague deriving your comments from quotations rather than by merely discussing aspects of context; in college entrance other words allow the text to introduce the context. TIP: avoid making simplistic and irrelevant value judgments of the text or its author. Saying that Shakespeare is essay society, 'a wonderful author' or that you think 'Of Mice and Men' is 'really good' will gain no marks whatsoever - this is no more than a kind of waffle that fills space with empty words that add nothing useful to your essay. 4. USE THE REMAINING PARAGRAPHS EFFECTIVELY. Follow the opening paragraph with a number of check on turnitin, paragraphs that form the 'body' of the essay. Child Labour Plague! Each of these paragraphs are there purely to expand on death penalty deterrence, and support your originally stated overall viewpoint. Having stated your main idea in your opening paragraph, now you need explore this, develop it and provide support from the text for this. In the essay's body paragraphs your aim is essay child labour plague, to: follow the analysis system called P.E.E. Students Help On Essays! or P.Q.C. For more on this see here ; work through the text's structure logically and, highlighting via the use of quotations, explain how these led you to develop your point of view; comment on how the language of each of these parts led you to form your interpretation: why did the child labour author choose this particular type of language to make this point in this way? How does it help a) the audience and b) the writer's purpose or theme ? discuss how this individual part of the my paper on turnitin text forms a useful structural part of the text by leading the reader towards an essay labour society overall understanding of the themes, messages or purposes of the text; CRUCIALLY. each paragraph needs to develop a separate and individual point - one that will help to show how different parts and aspects of the text helped you develop your interpretation and college entrance viewpoint (this is the essay labour society POINT part of P.E.E.); A useful tip is to open each paragraph with a topic sentence . This is a sentence that clearly makes a point that is check my paper on turnitin, developing your argument - your answer to the essay question - and, because it is, therefore, clearly focused on child plague society, the essay question, it will keep your writing on challenge qualify statement, track; Always aim to provide support for each of the points you make by referring directly to the text (this is the EXAMPLE part of P.E.E.). You normally do this by quoting briefly from child labour plague society a relevant part of the text but you might choose to describe an event. It's very important NOT to write a long description of WHAT happens. If you do you are merely 'retelling the story' - this loses many marks. In a play you also lose marks if you do not discuss aspects of the staging and stage action. You will need to my paper follow each quotation with an explanation of and a discussion on aspects of the language the author used in the quotation; this means discussing, for plague example, how aspects of the quotations literary, poetic or dramatic language works, including mentioning the method the writer used, the effect the letter for college professor language creates and the reasons this might have been done (this is the EXPLAIN part of P.E.E). You should also aim to show how the quotation helped you develop your overall interpretation of the text (this is also the EXPLAIN part of P.E.E). 5. CREATE A LOGICAL STRUCTURE. Always work in a clear way through the text, from beginning to end. Avoid starting your essay by discussing a point that occurs half way through your text: ALWAYS begin at the beginning! Many students begin discussing a text half way through or even near the end then go back to an earlier point. Child! This ignores the work the writer puts in to develop an challenge thesis effective structure to their text - and loses marks! 6. CONCLUDE EFFECTIVELY. The conclusion to an essay is child society, important but causes problems for many students. Workplace Bullying Research Paper! It should leave your reader with a pleasant and essay labour logical sense of 'closure' - a 'wrapping up' of the main ideas behind the essay . 1. Re-state in a different form (using rather different words) your opening argument. 2. Now bring together your main points (again, avoiding simple repetition of the letter same words): list or summarise the child main points from the preceding paragraphs (use the topic sentences from each paragraph to give you an idea). 3. End by paper identifying some of the wider implications and relevance that arise from what you have found and explored. The conclusion should consist of just a few sentences but these will need to be made to sound convincing and essay labour authoritative . It's crucial to deterrence keep the child society conclusion brief and to the point and, above all else, to introduce no new material at all. ALWAYS WRITE ANALYTICALLY , NEVER DESCRIPTIVELY. Here is an example of how many students go wrong; don't worry, you won't - but this is a very common mistake: In William Shakespeare's play, 'Romeo and Juliet', these are the essays outline first two lines of the 'Prologue' as spoken by 'The Chorus': 'Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene. ' What follows is a typical 'retelling': an 'overview' or 'translation' that gains no marks : 'Here, Shakespeare is saying that the play is essay, set in Verona where there are two dignified families.' Compare the workplace above 'description' with this analytical and insightful interpretation : 'The opening lines of the Prologue are important because they paint a picture for child labour plague society the audience of what could and should be - fairness and of application professor dignity. These words set up a powerful contrast to what is: the violence, hatred and bloodshed shown in labour the coming scene. Check On Turnitin! It will be against this violent backdrop that the pure love of Romeo and child labour plague society Juliet will have to struggle.' Which approach and style would gain the higher mark? STUCK FOR WHAT TO WRITE ABOUT? THERE ARE FOUR KEY ASPECTS THAT APPLY TO ALL TEXTS AND WHICH SHOULD FORM THE BASIS OF ANY LITERATURE ESSAY. FORM, CONTENT, STRUCTURE AND STYLE. This is so very often ignored despite the fact that it provides the basis for the very best essays because it provides a subtle response. And subtlety always receives the bullying research paper highest marks ! When you write about plague society a text at the level of its form , you analyse how aspects of it other than the meaning of entrance essays outline, its language have been used by the writer in important and effective ways. To give you an idea of the importance of child, form to a text, you yourself make use of the form of language when you speak loudly or softly , or when you chat or text a friend and college students need on essays companies use CAPS LOCK. Also, when you create short or long sentences or paragraphs you are affecting the look - the form - of your writing. This, albeit subtly, affects the way the writing is plague society, received and interpreted. A novelist makes use of form by writing in sentences and paragraphs of varying lengths (you can imagine the effect a very short sentence, or a one-line paragraph, for example). The use of dialogue (spoken words shown inside speech marks) is also an effective use of form, as is the use of defend challenge, underlining , bold or italics - or, in non-fiction texts, the inclusion of bullet points or sections. Poets are acutely aware of and very creative with the use of form. Essay Child Labour! A poet makes use of penalty deterrence, form, for example, by consciously splitting up sentences into child labour society, the lines of poetry . This allows the poet to exaggerate a particular word by placing it at college students help on essays us, the end of a line, or by essay child labour rhyming it with a similar sounding word. A non-fiction writer makes use of form by using layout and death essay appearance and by adding illustrations and photographs , and so on. All writers use form by using patterns of sound , such as by using alliteration , rhyme , rhythm , onomatopoeia , assonance and so on. A playwright, of course, uses form very differently. When your essay concerns a play, therefore, you'll definitely be losing marks if you ignore aspects of form. In a play, much of the 'meaning' is created not from language but from what you see happening on the stage - the essay labour society staging and stage action. This includes not just what the actors do but what they wear , where they stand and research paper so on child labour plague, - all potentially important formal aspects of the play that should find their way onto your essay. Form is always worthy of entrance outline, comment when (but only when ) if it adds usefully to the meaning, i.e. the content of a text. Every word and phrase has a literal meaning . This is its basic dictionary meaning. It's sometimes called a word's denotation . E.g. 'In this story, the author's detailed description of darkness denotes the coming on of a storm'. This is a way of 'playing' around with a word's meaning that makes writing more vivid , emotional and interesting . Words and phrases can be used differently from their literal context and given what is called a connotation . Using connotation or figurative language , a writer can introduce layers of meaning - especially emotional meaning (don't forget that many words can create both meaning and feeling ). The most common way this is done is to use a word not for its literal meaning but for its metaphorical or figurative meaning. Another way is to use a word that acts as symbolically and represents something very different from its literal meaning. E.g. 'As well as suggesting the coming of a storm, the darkness also acts to plague suggest a metaphorical darkness is qualify, taking over the character's mind. In this way the darkness seems to essay child be symbolising a kind of college help companies, evil'. Using a pun - a witty play on words - is essay child labour plague society, another way that meaning can be played with in essays outline an interesting way. Punning works because some words, in a certain context, can have an ambiguous meaning - two possible meanings - one of which might be humorous. Irony is a key way that writers use to create layers of meaning. Sarcasm is irony, but this is child labour society, a spoken form of irony that is intended to hurt someone's feelings by my paper on turnitin ridiculing some aspect of them. Essay Child Labour Plague! It's a crude, easy kind of of application professor, irony not really subtle enough for writing. Irony is usually subtle , sophisticated , edgy and essay witty ; an altogether more intelligent use of language. But irony can also be difficult to recognise - yet it is probably true to say that irony is challenge statement, one of the most common means by which a sophisticated writer creates layers of essay child plague society, meaning in a text . Irony works because when it is recognised, it engages the entrance essays outline reader very much more closely with the child text. Defend Thesis! This is because, rather like solving a puzzle, there is a real enjoyment and satisfaction in unpicking the various levels of meaning created by the irony. Creating an 'ironic tone of voice' in writing is much harder than in speech because the original sound of society, voice and facial expression or body language of the speaker are absent. To create an ironic tone (or any tone, for that matter), words have to penalty deterrence be chosen with great care. It is a key reading skill to be able to detect this as it tells you what attitude the writer is taking towards their subject matter. An example of irony occurs in an old story by O. Henry called 'The Gift of the Magi'. This story of poor young lovers ends with the boyfriend selling the one thing he owns of value, his pocket watch, in order to buy his girlfriend an expensive hair comb; equally secretly, she has all of essay child labour society, her long hair cut off to qualify thesis sell to a wig maker so she can afford to buy him. a chain for his watch. Structure is the way a writer consciously 'shapes' a piece of writing in an attempt to make it as effective as possible for their audience and their purpose. It is important to comment on the structure of a text, e.g. 'The way the author slowly builds up the tension throughout this chapter helps create a feeling of real excitement and mystery'. Style is the way a writer or speaker consciously chooses language and language features to suit a particular audience to achieve a specific purpose . When you aim to labour convince your mum that Friday's party cannot be missed, you will consciously adapt your style to one that is college need, more emotional and persuasive! Some famous writers have a particular style of their own that is quickly recognisable. Child Society! John Steinbeck, Charles Dickens and William Wordsworth are three such writers - here, a writer's individual style is sometimes referred to as the death penalty deterrence writer's 'voice'. Your primary job when analysing and essay discussing a text is to comment on its style - on what are called the stylistic or language choices its writer has made, especially those that seem to you to have been chosen to create a particular effect to achieve a certain purpose. So. if you are commenting on the form and content of a writer's language, you are commenting on the writer's style . COMPARING TWO OR MORE TEXTS. Even though it's a central part of the mark scheme, and always made clear in the essay question or title, each year many students still manage to defend write their comparison exam answer or coursework essay and forget to compare and contrast the texts . Aside from not knowing the texts sufficiently well, failing to compare and contrast is the number one reason marks are lost in this kind of essay. When writing about plague more than one text, your opening paragraph should be used to give the briefest details of each text (i.e. your writing needs to workplace be succinct !). This will mean being even more careful and sparing when you write an overview of each text, in which you give the essay labour society big picture . There are two methods you can consider using when comparing texts: 1) Write about the first text fully before moving on to the my paper on turnitin second - still using the techniques outlined above; but when you go on to write about the second text, you must compare and contrast it with the first. 2) Alternatively, and this makes the most sense when thinking about the argument essay, you write about both texts as you proceed . Child Plague! This allows you still, as shown above, to create a central argument , one in which examples to support the points are taken from qualify one or both texts as relevant to the point. This second method is the more complex and sophisticated of the two.