Ralph emerson essays

A Response to The Problem of ralph essays Evil. [ Editorial Note: Many of the behavioral finance research, articles on this website were taken from an ralph essays, old blog that was authored by Hamza Andreas Tzortzis. Some of the written work are compilations of various thinkers and philosophers such as the Philosopher William Lane Craig, Dr. Therapy Admission? Jafaar Idris and others. In the next few months the articles will be updated and changed to move away from compilations and a blog style, to a more academic tone with sound referencing.] In the philosophy of religion ‘natural atheology’ is defined as the branch of philosophy that attempts to ralph emerson essays, prove the central beliefs of theists (people who believe in a God) as false [1]. Anatomy? One of the most impressive and strongest arguments of natural atheology is to do with the problem of evil. The problem of evil claims that it is unbelievable, if an ralph emerson essays, omnipotent and makes good paper, good God exists, that he would permit so much pain and suffering in the world. The famous philosopher David Hume in his ‘Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion’ aptly puts it, “Epicurus’s old questions are yet unanswered. Is he willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is impotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Whence then is evil?”[2] The problem of ralph essays evil is good thesis research paper without a doubt one of the key intellectual obstacles that a Muslim or theist has to overcome in order to be convinced that God exists (or convince others for that matter). There are two versions of the problem of emerson essays evil, the internal problem of evil and anatomy, the external problem of evil. The internal problem of evil is presented as an argument whose premises the Muslim is committed to due to his belief in Islam. The external problem of evil is presented as an argument whose premises the Muslim is emerson not committed to advanced essay, but can have good reasons to believe the premises to ralph essays, be true. The Internal Problem of Evil. The internal problem of evil presents its premises as follows: 1. A good God that is paper omnipotent exist. 3. Therefore a good God that is omnipotent doesn’t exist. H. J. McCloskey in his article ‘God and essays, Evil’ summarises the failure essays, problem well, “Evil is a problem for ralph emerson essays the theist in that a contradiction is involved in failure essays the fact of evil, on the one hand, and the belief in the omnipotence and perfection of God on the other.”[3] Responding to emerson essays, the Internal Problem of Evil. The first point that needs to be made is that statements (1) and (2) are not logically inconsistent as there is no apparent contradiction. For the atheist to jump to behavioral, the conclusion that a good God that is ralph omnipotent doesn’t exist is an good statement research paper, unwarranted, unless he has assumed, in the words of Philosopher William Craig, “some hidden premises”[4]. These hidden premises seem to be the following, 4. Ralph Essays? If God is omnipotent, then he can create any world he wants. 5. If God is essays good, then he prefers a world without evil. Statement (4) suggests that since God can create and do anything, then he can create free human beings who always decide to do the right thing and do not fall into evil or suffering. Statement (5) suggests that God is all good so much so that if he could create a world without evil and suffering he would. Otherwise he would himself be evil to prefer that humans experience evil and suffering. The proponent of this version of the problem of evil has made some unjustified assumptions. These hidden premises make some daring assumptions; firstly it assumes a Christian type of God, one that is just good and ralph emerson, omnipotent. Behavioral? Secondly it assumes that God doesn’t have any reasons to permit evil and ralph, suffering in the world. Responding to the first assumption. Muslims do not only believe that God is finance research just good and omnipotent. Muslims believe that part of God’s names and attributes include ‘the Just’, ‘the Severe in Punishment’, ‘the Wise’, ‘the Avenger’, and ‘the Compassionate’, amongst many others. So statements (1, 4 and 5) are inaccurate as the Muslim does not reduce God to parts, rather God is seen as one and unique in context of all his names and attributes. So if God was just good and omnipotent, then there may be problem in reconciling suffering and ralph, evil in the world. However if you include attributes such as ‘the Severe in Punishment’ and ‘the Wise’, these problems would not exist. Because perceived evil and suffering in the world can be due to, • God’s punishment as a result of our sins and bad actions. • God’s wisdom, as there may be divine wisdom in permitting evil and suffering. Even if we can’t evaluate what the wisdom is, it doesn’t mean it is not there. To argue such a thing would be a logical fallacy, known as the argument from ignorance (argumentum ad ignorantiam). The story of Khidr which can be found in the 18th chapter of Qur’an from verses 60 to dissertation, 82 is an emerson essays, eloquent account of how God’s wisdom, whether understood or not, has positive results and benefits for humanity. In addition to this the Muslim can argue that the problem of evil is logically posterior to the existence of God. You need to establish that God exists first before attempting to reconcile who God is with our perception of reality, in anatomy and physiology homework this case, evil and suffering. Lastly the ralph emerson essays, meaning of the thesis research paper, word ‘good’ attributed to God needs to be understood in a divine context. In general terms the word ‘good’ has a meaning that relates to human experience, whereas in Islamic theology ‘good’ as an attribute of God is primarily viewed as a unique attribute that can be appreciated but not fully comprehended due to his uniqueness and transcendental nature. Therefore the underlying assumption that evil and a good God cannot coexist may be true with a Christian view of God. However it doesn’t apply to the Islamic concept of God as the atheist will have to reconcile evil and suffering with something that he cannot fully comprehend. So his premises are false due to ralph, his incorrect assumption that ‘good’ in the context of God is related to a human understanding of good. Responding to the second assumption. A sufficient response to the second assumption is to provide a strong argument that God has justified reasons to permit suffering and evil in the world. The intellectual richness of Islamic Theology provides us with many reasons, some of which include: 1. The primary purpose of the human being is not happiness rather it is to know and and physiology homework, worship God. This fulfillment of the divine purpose will result in everlasting bliss and happiness. Ralph Essays? So if this is our primary purpose other aspects of human experience our secondary. The Qur’an, the book of the Muslims states: “I did not create either jinn or man except to worship Me.” [5] 2. God also created us for a test, and part of this test is to be tested with suffering and evil. The Qur’an mentions “The One Who created death and makes thesis research, life, so that He may put you to test, to find out which of you is best in deeds: He is the all-Almighty, the emerson essays, all-Forgiving” [6] 3. Papers? Having hardship and suffering enables us to realise and know God’s attributes such as ‘the Victorious’ and ralph emerson, ‘the Healer’. Makes Statement Research Paper? For example without the pain and suffering of illness we would not appreciate the attribute of God being ‘the Healer’. Emerson? Knowing God is a greater good, and worth the experience of suffering or pain as it will mean the makes thesis research, fulfillment of our primary purpose. 4. Suffering allows 2nd order good. 1st order good is physical pleasure and happiness and ralph emerson, 1st order evil is english belonging essay questions physical pain and sadness. 2nd order goodness is ralph elevated goodness such as courage and can only finance research, happen if suffering or evil exist. [7] 5. People can also suffer from past, present or future sins. God has knowledge of essays everything which is not contingent on time. Please refer to the story of Khidr in the Qur’an where it mentions Khidr’s reply to Prophet Moses “All this was done as a mercy from your Lord. Dissertation Research Fellowship? What I did was not done by my own will. That is the interpretation of those actions which you could not bear to watch with patience.”[8] 6. God has given us free will, and emerson, free will includes choosing evil acts. [9] The external problem of evil. The internal problem of evil fails to convince, however the external problem of evil seems more persuasive because it seems to acknowledge the co-existence of God and evil in the world, but denies God’s existence due to the level of the evil in the world. The external problem of evil argues the following: 1. A good God that is omnipotent exists. 2. Gratuitous evil exists. 3. Therefore, God does not exist. For the Muslim statement (2) is subjective and not entirely true. The Muslim will believe that evil exists, but not that gratuitous evil exists, and since this is based upon human subjectivity then the anatomy and physiology, external problem of evil carries no weight. The proponent of this argument will have to show that gratuitous evil or evil itself are objective without reference to human subjectivity. The essential problem with this argument is shown in the following questions: • What makes our value judgments objectively true? • What are our definitions of emerson essays gratuitous evil? The proponent of the problem of evil is faces a problem because God is required a rational basis for advanced belonging essay objective good and evil (whether gratuitous or not). Without God these terms are relative as there is no conceptual anchor, apart from ralph emerson, God himself, which transcends human subjectivity. So the makes statement research paper, terms evil and good make no sense or are just ephemeral without God. Ralph Emerson? Therefore in order for the atheist’s premise to make objective sense, God’s existence is necessary. In this light the anatomy homework, Muslim or theist may argue: 1. Emerson Essays? If God did not exist, then objective moral values would not exist. 3. Therefore objective moral values exists (from premise 2) 4. Therefore, God exists. Explaining the key premise: Premise (1) The question about objective good or bad, in other words objective morality, has been discussed by physical therapy essays, many theists and non-theists alike. Ralph Emerson? Many have concluded that there is no objective morality without God. Humanist philosopher Paul Kurtz aptly puts it, “The central question about moral and ethical principles concerns this ontological foundation. Behavioral Finance? If they are neither derived from God nor anchored in some transcendent ground, are they purely ephemeral?”[10] Paul Kurtz is right because God is the only conceptual anchor that transcends human subjectivity, so without God there is no rational basis for objective morality. Emerson Essays? In God’s absence, there are only two possible alternative conceptual foundations. Both social pressures and evolution provide no objective basis for morality as they both claim that our morality is anatomy contingent on changes: biological and social. Therefore morality cannot be binding, in other words true regardless of who believes in them. Therefore without God there is no objective basis for morality. God as a concept is not subjective therefore having God as basis for morality makes them binding and objective, because God transcends human subjectivity. The following statement by Richard Taylor, an eminent ethicist, correctly concludes, “Contemporary writers in ethics, who blithely discourse upon moral right and wrong and emerson, moral obligation without any reference to religion, are really just weaving intellectual webs from thin air; which amounts to saying that they discourse without meaning.”[11] Therefore evil in the world actually proves that God exists. This argument shows how God and evil can co-exist without attempting to explain why. Statement Research? So in a rhetorical response to the atheist the Muslim or theist can pose the following question, “How can the atheist formulate an argument against the existence of God when God is required as an objective basis for the formulation of the argument in the first place?!” At first sight the problem of evil seems to present insuperable difficulties for the Muslim. However under intellectual scrutiny the ralph emerson, problem of evil actually fails to finance research papers, present a convincing argument. Concluding with the Emotional Argument. There is ralph essays a well known Buddhist saying that states ‘desire causes suffering ‘and since human beings desire then we will always suffer. Whether this is true or not clearly reinforces our intuition that we will suffer and experience evil at some point in our lives. Advanced Belonging? This suffering can be the making of our own hands, other peoples or external forces like natural disasters. Ralph Essays? A consequence of makes thesis paper this suffering is emerson essays that many of us may fall prey to our emotional dispositions thereby questioning God’s existence or entering into a state of some form psychological malady. Islamic Theology however provides the conceptual ‘tools’ necessary for the Muslim to overcome this problem. Islamic Theology is statement paper derived from two main sources, the Qur’an and the hadith literature. The Qur’an is a divine book that Muslims believes to emerson essays, be the word of God, and the hadith are divinely inspired statements attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). The following verses from the Qur’an and sayings from hadith provide all the necessary comfort for the Muslim. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Amazing is the affair of the believer, verily all of his affair is good and behavioral papers, this is not for no one except the believer. If something of good/happiness befalls him he is grateful and that is good for him. If something of harm befalls him he is patient and that is good for him.” [12] “Anyone who dies of the plague is a martyr. Anyone who dies of a stomach illness is emerson a martyr. Anyone who drowns is a martyr.” [13] “There are seven classes of martyrs except the one who is killed while fighting in the cause of essays admission God: one who dies in plague is a martyr; one who dies due to drowning is a martyr; one who is killed of Zat al-Janb disease (a disease that attacks ribs and emerson, causes inner ulcerations) is a martyr; one who dies of diseases of stomach is finance a martyr; one who is essays killed by advanced essay questions, fire is a martyr; one who is crushed under a wall is a martyr; and ralph essays, a woman who dies while delivery (or pregnancy) is a martyr.” [14] “No calamity befalls a Muslim but that Allah expiates some of his sins because of it, even though it were the prick he receives from anatomy and physiology, a thorn.” [15] “Do you think that you will enter paradise without any trials while you have known the examples of those who passed away before you? They were afflicted with suffering and adversity and were so violently shaken up that even the Prophet and the believers with him cried out: ‘When will God’s help come?’ Be aware, God’s help is close.” [16] “Surely with every difficulty there is emerson relief. Surely with every difficulty there is relief.” [17] “Let there rise from among you a band of people who should invite to righteousness, enjoin good and forbid evil: such are the one, who shall be successful.” [18] Since the Muslim is intellectually convinced that these statements are from God, then it follows they are truth claims that not only comfort the Muslim, but fills his heart with tranquility. [1] Avin Plantinga. God, Freedom and Evil. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 1977, p 7. [2] David Hume. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, part 10. [3] “God and Evil” Philosophical Quarterly, X (1960), p 97. [4] J.P. Moreland and William Lane Craig. Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview. IVP Academic, p 538. [7] Although this is contended by some philosophers such as John Mackie, philosopher Avin Plantinga provides an interesting response in his book God, Freedom and Evil. [9] This requires an in-depth discussion which will be discussed in another article. [10] Paul Kurtz. Papers? Forbidden Fruit. Prometheus. Emerson Essays? 1988, p 65. [11] Richard Taylor. Ethics, Faith, and Reason. Prentice Hall. 1985, p. 83–84. [12] Saheeh Muslim. [14] Narrated Abu Dawood and Ibn Majah. [15] Saheeh Bukhari. @2017 - Hamza Andreas Tzortzis. All Right Reserved.

Pope wrote his "Essay on Man" in rhyming verse. Certainly today, we think anybody that writes "poetry" is one who is emerson, a bit odd, to say the least. Back in the eighteenth century, it was not so strange. Pope stated that he had two reasons for writing his essay in advanced english belonging essay, such a manner. First, he thought that "principles, maxims, or precepts so written, both strike the reader more strongly at emerson essays, first, and are more easily retained by him afterwards." The second reason that Pope gave is that he thought that he could express himself "more shortly this way than in prose itself." I here make comments about the expressions and thoughts of Pope in his essay. I have quoted at length from physical his essay. Essays! Certainly there is much I have left out, because, likely, certain verses referred to dissertation fellowship, events, persons and emerson essays, things of the renal, early eighteenth century which, quite frankly, I am unfamiliar with. Spattered throughout Pope's work are references to God and His great domain. Essays! Such references in the writings out of the eighteenth century are not strange. The livelihood of makes good statement research paper writers, by and large -- as was with the case of all artists back then -- depended almost entirely on the generosity of emerson essays church and state, so it was necessary in those days that writers give due regard to religious authority. Believing that if Pope were looking over my shoulder he would have no objection, I have left out religious epaulets. Within the first few lines, we see Pope wondering about the dissertation research fellowship, fruitlessness of ralph emerson life. We have no choice: we come to it, look out and then die. What we see as we look out on "the scene of man" is a "mighty maze!" But Pope does not think this complex of existence is and physiology homework, "without a plan." Man might sort through the ralph essays, maze because he has a marvelous mental faculty, that of reason; man can determine the nature of the world in good research, which he lives; he can see that all things have bearings, ties and ralph essays, strong connections and physical therapy essays admission, "nice dependencies." He, who thro' vast immensity can pierce, See worlds on worlds compose one universe, Observe how system into system runs, What other planets circle other suns, Look'd thro'? or can a part contain the whole? Is the essays, great chain that draws all to agree, - And, drawn, supports - upheld by God or thee? In his next stanza, Pope makes reference to english essay, presumptuous man! Why should one be disturbed because he cannot immediately figure out all of the ralph emerson, mysteries with which he is presented? It cannot be expected that one part of existence (man) should understand all the physical therapy, other parts, he then continues: As of thy mother Earth, why oaks are made. Taller or stronger than the weeds they shade. And all that rises, rise in ralph emerson essays, due degree; Then, in the sale of makes research reas'ning life, 'tis plain. There must be, somewhere, such a rank as Man. When the dull ox, why now he breaks the clod, Is now a victim, and now Egypt's god, - Then say not Man's imperfect, Heav'n in emerson, fault, - Say rather Man's as perfect as he ought: His knowledge measur'd to his state and anatomy homework, place, His time a moment, and a point his space. Pope continues with this theme into his third stanza, in saying "Heav'n from all creatures hides the book of fate," and continues: The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he skip and play? Pleas'd to the last he crops the flow'ry food, And licks the hand just rais'd to shed his blood. Who sees with equal eye, as God of all, A hero perish, or a sparrow fall, Atoms or systems into ruin hurl'd, And now a bubble burst, and now a world. Then giving way to his religious bent, makes reference to the "great teacher Death" and emerson essays, continues with his most famous lines: Hope springs eternal in the human breast; Man never is, but always to be blest: The soul uneasy and confin'd from home, Rest and expatiates in a life to come. Next, Pope deals with native people of the renal essays, uncivilized territories of the ralph, world, and how they do not get hung up on behavioral finance research, such large questions as are expressed in Pope's essay: Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutor'd mind. Sees God in emerson, clouds, or hears him in the wind; His soul proud Science never taught to stray. Far as the solar walk or milky way; Yet simple Nature to his hope has giv'n, Behind the cloud-topp'd hill, a humbler heav'n; Some safer world in depth of woods embrac'd, Some happier island in the wat'ry waste, Where slaves once more their native land behold, No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold! To be, contents his natural desire; He asks no angel's wing, no seraph's fire: But things, admitted to that equal sky, His faithful dog shall bear him company. Next, we see Pope start to develop the theme that runs throughout his essay; man is part of a larger setting, a part of good thesis statement research paper nature. Ralph Essays! Man depends on nature for his very substance, and yet, treats her roughly. Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust, Yet cry, if Man's unhappy, God's unjust; Ask for what end the research papers, heav'nly bodies shine, Earth for whose use, Pride answers, "'Tis for mine! "For me kind Nature wakes her genial pow'r, "Suckles each herb and spreads out essays ev'ry flow'r; Pope asserts that man is ruled from within, by his reason and by his passion. Better for us, perhaps, it might appear, Were there are harmony, all virtue here; That never air or ocean felt the wind; That never passion discompos'd the mind. But all subsists by elemental strife; And passions are the elements of life. The gen'ral Order since the whole began. Is kept in dissertation research psychology, Nature, and ralph emerson, is kept in Man. Passion may be equated to instinct; and dissertation psychology, instinct is the ralph emerson essays, sole guide of animals. Instinct is all that animals need as evolution has fitted each animal to his home environment, unlike man who is in want of "the strength of bulls, the fur of bears." Here with degrees of swiftness, there of physical admission force: All in exact proportion to the state; Nothing to add, and nothing to abate. Each beast, each insect, happy in its own: Is Heav'n unkind to Man, and Man alone? Shall he alone, whom rational we call, Be pleas'd with nothing, if not bless'd with all? Again, Pope emphasizes how nature "all good and wise. and what it gives, and ralph, what denies" has perfected itself and many of its creations: The spider's tough how exquisitely fine! Feels at physical essays admission, each thread, and lives along the emerson, line: In the behavioral finance research papers, nice bee, what sense so subtly true. From pois'nous herbs extracts the healing dew? In nature, we find life in a complete variety, - "vast chain of emerson essays being" everything "beast, bird, fish, insect." Or in research, the full creation leave a void, Where, one step broken, the great scale's destroy'd: From Nature's chain whatever link you strike, Tenth or ten thousandth, breaks the chain alike. The point, I think, is that there is a fearful balance of nature in all its variety, and we dare not destroy one aspect of nature for fear of essays destroying the whole. All this dread order break - for whom? for thee? Vile worm! - oh madness! pride! impiety! In the last line of Pope's first epistle, he bangs home the importance of the "ruling mind" of advanced english belonging essay questions nature, that while some parts might seem to us to be absurd, it is part of the "general frame" that all of nature, including ourselves, are but "parts of one stupendous whole." This whole body of nature is through all life and extends throughout all of the ralph essays, universe and and physiology homework, "operates unspent." Pope concludes his first epistle: Safe in the hand of one disposing Pow'r, Or in the natal, or the mortal hour. All Nature is but Art, unknown to thee; All chance, direction, which thou canst not see. All discord, harmony not understood, All partial evil, universal good: And, spite of pride, in erring reason's spite, One truth is clear, whatever is, is right. Pope opens his second Epistle much the same as he opened his first. What is the function of man, positioned as he is somewhere between a god and a beast. Man, during that brief interlude between birth and death, experiences a "chaos of thought and passion, all confus'd." He finds on emerson, earth the "Great lord of all things, yet a prey to all." Man's function, Pope concludes, is to make "a proper study of essays mankind" ; man is to know himself. What man will come to know is that he is ruled by passion; passion is the essays, ruler and reason it's counsellor. Alas what wonder! Man's superior part. Uncheck'd may rise and dissertation fellowship psychology, climb from art to art; But when his own great work is but begun, What Reason weaves, by Passion is emerson, undone. It is in the nature of man to first serve himself; but, on account of reason, to do so with the long range in dissertation, view. Essays! Two Principles in human nature reign; Self-love, to physical therapy essays admission, urge, and Reason, to ralph emerson, restrain; Self-love still stronger, as its objects nigh; Reason's at distance, and in papers, prospect lie: A person is driven by ralph passion, driven by renal his desire for pleasure; temptation is strong and passion is ralph emerson essays, "thicker than arguments." However, a person soon learns through bitter experience that one cannot let his or her passions run wild. Attention, habit and experience gains; Each strengthens Reason, and Self-love restrains. Self-love and makes good research paper, Reason to one end aspire, Pain their aversion, Pleasure their desire, Pleasure, or wrong or rightly understood, Our greatest evil, or our greatest good. Passions, tho' selfish, if their means be fair, List under reason, and deserve her care. On life's vast ocean diversely we sail, Reason the card, but passion is the ralph, gale;2. Love, Hope, and Joy, fair Pleasure's smiling train, Hate, Fear, and Grief, the family of Pain, These mix'd with art, and to due bounds confin'd, Make and dissertation fellowship, maintain the balance of the ralph, mind: Pope's theme is again repeated: the two driving forces of man are his reason and his passion. However, passion is the king and reason but a "weak queen." What can she more than tell us we are fools? Teach us to mourn our nature, not to mend. A sharp accuser but a helpless friend! Reason ("th' Eternal Art, educing good from research papers ill") is not a guide but a guard. Passion is the "mightier pow'r." Envy, Pope points out as an aside, is something that can be possessed only by those who are "learn'd or brave." Ambition: "can destroy or save, and makes a patriot as it makes a knave." With Pope's thoughts, it soon becomes clear one should not necessarily consider that envy and ambition are in themselves wrong. They are moving forces in a person and if properly guided, can serve a person well. As, in some well-wrought picture, light and shade. And oft so mix, the diff'rence is too nice, Where ends the virtue, or begins the vice. And virtuous and vicious ev'ry man must be, Few in the extreme, but all in the degree; Each person is essays, driven by self-love, but on the same occasion "each on the other to depend, a master, or a servant, or a friend, bids each on other for physical essays, assistance call." Each person seeks his own happiness, seeks his own contentment; each is proud in what he or she has achieved, no matter what another person might think of those achievements. Whate'er the essays, passions, knowledge, fame, or pelf, Not one will change is neighbour with himself. The learn'd is makes research paper, happy nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more; The rich is emerson, happy in the plenty given, The poor contents him with the makes statement research paper, care of Heaven, See the blind beggar dance, the cripple sing. The sot a hero, lunatic a king; The starving chemist in his golden views. Supremely bless'd, the ralph emerson essays, poet in his Muse. None of us should be critical of another person's choice in life, who is to know it is right. Behold the child, by nature's kindly law, Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw: Some livelier plaything give his youth delight, A little louder, but as empty quite: Scarfs, garters, gold, amuse his riper stage, And beads and prayer-books are the toys of age: Pleased with this bauble still, as that before, Till tired he sleeps, and finance research, life's poor play is o'er. Pope returns, in his third Epistle, to his ever present theme, all is natural in nature and ralph emerson, man is a part of behavioral finance research nature. He first observes how "plastic" nature is, how everything is dependant on one and ralph essays, the other, is attracted to therapy essays admission, one and the other, down even to "single atoms." Everything "it's neighbour to embrace." (While Pope did not do so, he might just as easily have observed that things in nature repel one another, equally so. All things, in the final analysis, are held in ralph, the balance, suspended, so it seems, between the two great forces of attraction and repulsion.) All forms that perish other forms supply, (By turns we catch the vital breath, and die) Like bubbles on the sea a matter borne, They rise, they break, and to that sea return. Nothing is foreign; parts relate to whole: Then, Pope picks up once again his theme of the ruling principles, reason and passion. Finance Research! Here in his third Epistle, he refers to instinct as "the unerring guide" that reason often fails us, though sometimes "serves when press'd." But honest instinct comes a volunteer, Sure never to o'ershoot, but just to hit, While still to wide or short is human wit; Sure by quick nature happiness to gain, Which heavier reason labour at in vain. Instinct can be seen at work throughout nature, for example, "Who make the spider parallels design . Ralph Emerson! without rule or line?" Not just the anatomy, spider does things by emerson essays instinct, man does. Behavioral Finance Research Papers! The obvious example is his artistic work, but our instincts serve us on ralph emerson, a much broader range. Think! And you will wonder about many of the daily things that are done, automatically it seems. What, exactly, is it that prompts us to behavioral research, do things. Who calls the ralph essays, council, states the certain day, Who forms the phalanx, and who points the way? Pope then comes to a rather critical passage in his essay, when he deals with family units in the animal kingdom versus human beings. Advanced English Belonging Essay! The fact of the matter is, family units do not count for much in essays, the animal kingdom, at any rate, not for long. However, family connections for human beings extend over a long period, indeed, over makes good thesis statement research paper, a lifetime. I would observe that it is an ralph essays, evolutionary development, needed because of the long time required before a child passes into adulthood. These family feelings are important for advanced english essay, the development and cohesion of the family, but not necessarily good when extended to the larger group, society as a whole (this is a theme that I have developed elsewhere (EconEcon.doc) and which someday I hope to put up on ralph emerson essays, the 'net.). Thus beast and psychology, bird their common charge attend, The mothers nurse it, and the sires defend: The young dismiss'd to wander earth or air, There stops the instinct, and there ends the care; The link dissolves, each seeks a fresh embrace, Another love succeeds, another race. A longer care man's helpless kind demands; That longer care contracts more lasting bands: Reflection, reason, still the ties improve, At one extend the interest, and the love; With choice we fix, with sympathy we burn; Each virtue in each passion takes its turn; And still new needs, new helps, new habits rise. That graft benevolence on charities. Still as one brood, and as another rose, These natural love maintain'd, habitual those: The last, scarce ripen'd into ralph emerson essays, perfect man, Saw helpless from him whom their life began: Memory and forecast just returns engage; That pointed back to renal essays, youth, this on to age; While pleasure, gratitude, and hope, combined, Still spread the interest, and emerson essays, preserved the kind. Pope then, continuing with his third Epistle, returns to anatomy homework, his principle and the power of nature. Nature is a "driving gale," a fact which can be observed in "the voice of nature" and ralph emerson, which we can learn from the birds and the beasts. Anatomy Homework! It was the power of nature that built the ralph emerson essays, "ant's republic and the realm of bees." Pope observes "anarchy without confusion." Their separate cells and properties maintain. Mark what unvaried laws preserve each state;- Laws wise as nature, and research, as fix'd as fate. In vain thy reason finer webs shall draw; Entangle justice in her net of ralph emerson essays law; And right, too rigid, harden into wrong, Still for the strong too weak, the weak too strong. Yet go! and thus o'er all the makes thesis research, creatures sway; Thus let the wiser make the rest obey; And for those arts mere instinct could afford, Be crown'd as monarchs, or as gods adored. It is the same voice of nature by which men evolved and emerson essays, "cities were built, societies were made." That while men in the gradual and slow build-up ravished one another with war, it was commerce that brought about civilization. And Physiology! Men came to new countries with war-like intentions, but soon became friends when they realized there was much more profit in trade. When love was liberty, and emerson, nature law: Thus states were form'd; the name of king unknown, Till common interest placed the sway in one. 'Twas Virtue only, or in arts or arms, So, it was trade that built civilizations, and Pope observes, that it was tradition that preserves them. Convey'd unbroken faith from sire to son; The worker from the work distinct was known, Then, continuing in this historical vein, Pope deals with the homework, development of government and of laws. So drives self-love, through just and emerson, through unjust. To one man's power, ambition, lucre, lust: The same self-love, in all, becomes the cause. Of what restrains him, government and laws: For, what one likes if others like as well, What serves one will, when many wills rebel? How shall we keep, what, sleeping or awake, A weaker may surprise, a stronger take? His safety must his liberty restrain: All join to guard what each desires to behavioral, gain. Forced into ralph emerson essays, virtue thus by self-defence, Ev'n kings learn'd justice and benevolence: Self-love forsook the path it first pursued, And found the private in the public good. 'Twas then, the studious head or generous mind, Follower of God or friend of good thesis statement research human-kind, Poet or patriot, rose but to restore. The faith and moral Nature gave before; Relumed her ancient light, not kindled new; If not God's image, yet his shadow drew; Taught power's due use to people and to ralph essays, kings; Taught not to finance papers, slack nor strain its tender strings; The less or greater set so justly true, That touching one must strike the ralph essays, other too; Till jarring int'rests of themselves create. Th' according music of a well-mix'd state. Such is the world's great harmony, that springs. From order, union, full consent of things: Where small and fellowship psychology, great, where weak and mighty made. To serve, not suffer, strengthen, not invade; More pow'rful each as needful to the rest, And in proportion as it blesses, blest; Draw to one point, and to one centre bring. Beast, man, or angel, servant, lord, or king. Pope makes a side observation that while government is necessary, its form is ralph emerson, of less importance, what is and physiology homework, important, is emerson, a good administration: For forms of government let fools contest; Whate'er is best administer'd is best: Pope then concludes in his third Epistle, emphasizing that regard for oneself and his family has to be different than regard for the whole of good thesis paper society, that nature "link'd the emerson essays, gen'ral frame and bade self-love and social be the same." In his last Epistle on physical essays, the Essay of Man, Pope deals with the subject of happiness. It may be any one of a number of things, it depends on the person: "good, pleasure, ease, content! whatever thy name." That happiness as a "plant of celestial seed" will grow, and if it doesn't, one should not blame the soil, but rather the way one tends the soil. Though man may well seek happiness in many quarters, it will only be found in nature. Man should avoid extremes. He should not go about in life trusting everything, but on the same occasion neither should he be a total skeptic. Take Nature's path, and made Opinion's leave; All states can reach it and essays, all heads conceive; Obvious her goods, in no extreme they dwell; There needs but thinking right, and meaning well; And mourn our various portions as we please, Equal is common sense, and common ease. To Pope, pleasure does not last, it "sicken, and all glories sink." To each person comes his or her share "and who would more obtain, Shall find the pleasure pays not half the pain." To be rich, to be wise: these are both laudable goals and renal failure essays, a person looking about will always be able to find others who have riches and wisdom in varying degrees, but it cannot be concluded to any degree that they are happy. Happiness comes when one has "health, peace, and competence." It is not clear to me from Pope's lines how one might secure peace and ralph, competence; "health," he says, "consists with temperance alone." It is in the nature of man to research fellowship psychology, attempt to change things; he is emerson essays, never happy with things as he finds them; never happy with his fellow man; never happy with the world about him. We forever strive to good thesis statement research, make things "perfect," a state that can hardly be define in human terms. Those that reflect on man's condition will soon have Utopian dreams. But still this world, so fitted for the knave, Contents us not. A better shall we have? A kingdom of the just then let it be: But first consider how those just agree. The good must merit God's peculiar care; But who but God can tell us who they are? It all too often appears to us that "virtue starves, while vice is fed." One might wish for man to be a God and for earth to be a heaven, both God and heaven coming from the imaginations of man. Essays! But, Pope concludes: 'Whatever is, is right.' -- This world, 'tis true. English Questions! Of fame, Pope says, it is but "a fancied life in others' breath . All that we feel of it begins and emerson essays, ends in anatomy and physiology homework, the small circle of our foes and friends . " It will get you nothing but a crowd "of stupid starers and ralph essays, of loud huzzas." Of wisdom, Pope attempts a definition and points out how often the homework, wise are bound to trudge alone with neither help nor understanding from his fellow man. In parts superior what advantage lies! Tell, for ralph emerson, you can, what is it to dissertation fellowship, be wise? 'Tis but to know how little can be known ; To see all others' faults, and feel our own: Condem'd in ralph essays, business or in arts to drudge, Without a second, or without a judge: Truths would you teach, or save a sinking land? All fear, none aid you, and few understand. And so we arrive at the last of failure essays Pope's lines. Show'd erring Pride, WHATEVER IS, IS RIGHT; That Reason, Passion, answer one great aim; That true Self-love and Social are the same . 1 The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope which includes Dr. Ralph! Johnson's 65 page biography on good thesis statement, Pope, Essay on Man (31 pp.); Essay on ralph emerson essays, Criticism (17 pp.), Rape of the Lock (19 pp.), The Dunciad (31 pp.). Belonging Questions! My vintage copy has within it two frontispiece Steel Engravings (Philadelphia: Hazard, 1857). 2 Here, again, we see Pope refer to the analogy of the sailing ship on the sea finding its way only with compass (card) for direction and the wind in the sails to drive the vessel along.