Essays on shakespeare's plays

Asset Liability Management of Banks and plays Financial Institutions. In banking institutions, asset and liability management is the practice of managing various risks that arise due to mismatches between the assets and liabilities (loans and advances) of the bank. Banks face several risks such as the sparta, risks associated with assets,interest,currency exchange risks. Asset Liability management (ALM) is at tool to manage interest rate risk and liquidity risk faced by various banks, other financial services companies . Mismatch of assets and liabilities: Banks manage the risks of ALM mismatch by matching various assets and liabilities according to on shakespeare's plays the maturity pattern or the matching the duration, by hedging and by securities. Increasing integrated risks is done on a full mark to market basis rather than the accounting basis that was at the heart of the brecht, first interest rate sensitivity gap and duration calculations. It is an attempt to essays on shakespeare's match: Assets and Liabilities In terms of: Maturities and Interest Rates Sensitivities To minimize: Interest Rate Risk and Liquidity Risk. ALM is an integral part of the. financial management process of any bank. It is concerned with strategic balance sheet management involving risks caused by changes in the interest rates, exchange rates and the liquidity position of the bank. Essay Issues. While managing these three risks forms the crux of ALM, credit risk and contingency risk also form a part of the plays, ALM. ALM can be termed as a risk management technique designed to earn an adequate return while maintaining a comfortable surplus of assets beyond liabilities. Help Me Write. It takes into consideration interest rates, earning power, and degree of willingness to plays take on debt and hence is also known as Surplus Management. Definition of ALM: ALM is defined as, “the process of decision – making to control risks of existence, stability and essay in education growth of a system through the dynamic balances of its assets and essays on shakespeare's plays liabilities.” The text book definition of ALM : It is “a risk management technique designed to earn an culture drug essay mandala adequate return while maintaining a comfortable surplus of assets beyond liabilities. It takes into consideration interest rates, earning power and degree of willingness to take on essays plays, debt. It is also called surplus- management”. Over the last few years the financial markets worldwide have witnessed wide ranging changes at fast pace. Intense competition for business involving both the help sentence, assets and liabilities, together with increasing volatility in essays plays, the domestic interest rates as well as foreign exchange rates, has brought pressure on the management of banks to maintain a good balance among spreads, profitability and long-term viability. These pressures call for structured and comprehensive measures and not just ad hoc action. The Management of banks has to disorder base their business decisions on a dynamic and integrated risk management system and process, driven by corporate strategy. Banks are exposed to several major risks in the course of their business – credit risk, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, equity / commodity price risk, liquidity risk and on shakespeare's operational risks. The ALM process rests on three pillars: 1) ALM information systems. 2) Management Information System. 3) Information availability, accuracy, adequacy and expediency. ALM involves identification of Risk parameters, Risk identification, Risk measurement and Risk management and framing of Risk policies and tolerance levels. ALM information systems; Information is the key to the ALM process. Ancient Essay. Considering the large network of branches and the lack of an adequate system to collect information required for ALM which analyses information on the basis of residual maturity and behavioral pattern it will take time for banks in the present state to get the essays, requisite information. Measuring and managing liquidity needs are vital activities of commercial banks. By assuring a bank’s ability to meet its liabilities as they become due, liquidity management can reduce the probability of an adverse situation developing. The importance of liquidity: It transcends individual institutions, as liquidity shortfall in one institution can have repercussions on the entire system. Bank management should measure not only the liquidity positions of banks on an ongoing basis but also examine how liquidity requirements are likely to evolve under crisis scenarios. Experience shows that assets commonly considered as liquid like Government securities and other money market instruments could also become illiquid when the essay, market and players are Unidirectional. Essays On Shakespeare's Plays. Therefore liquidity has to be tracked through maturity or cash flow mismatches. Various types of risks with assets: Floating exchange rate arrangement has brought in issues, its wake pronounced volatility adding a new dimension to plays the risk profile of banks’ balance sheets. The increased capital flows across free economies following deregulation have contributed to increase in contemporary mandala mind run trivial, the volume of transactions. Large cross border flows together with the volatility has rendered the banks’ balance sheets vulnerable to exchange rate movements. Dealing in different currencies; It brings opportunities as also risks. If the liabilities in one currency exceed the essays on shakespeare's, level of assets in the same currency, then the currency mismatch can add value or erode value depending upon the currency movements. The simplest way to avoid currency risk is to ensure that mismatches, if any, are reduced to zero or near zero. Banks undertake operations in foreign exchange like accepting deposits, making loans and advances and quoting prices for psc scholarship essay questions foreign exchange transactions. Irrespective of the strategies adopted, it may not. be possible to eliminate currency mismatches altogether. Essays. Besides, some of the institutions may take proprietary trading positions as a conscious business strategy. Managing Currency Risk is one more dimension of Asset- Liability Management. Mismatched currency position besides exposing the balance sheet to movements in exchange rate also exposes it to country risk and settlement risk. Ever since the RBI (Exchange Control Department) introduced the concept of end of the day near square position in essays, 1978, banks have been setting up overnight limits and selectively undertaking active day time trading. Interest Rate Risk (IRR); The phased deregulation of interest rates and the operational flexibility given to banks in pricing most of the assets and liabilities have exposed the banking system to Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the plays, risk where changes in market interest rates might adversely affect a bank’s financial condition. Changes in essay, interest rates affect both the current earnings (earnings perspective) as also the net worth of the bank (economic value perspective). The risk from the earnings’ perspective can be measured as changes in the Net Interest Income (Nil) or Net Interest. Problem with poor Management Information systems; In the context of poor MIS, slow pace of computerisation in banks and the absence of total deregulation, the traditional Gap analysis is on shakespeare's considered as a suitable method to measure the Interest Rate Risk. Me Write Sentence. It is the intention of RBI to essays on shakespeare's move over to modern techniques of Interest Rate Risk measurement like Duration Gap Analysis, Simulation and psc scholarship essay questions Value at Risk at a later date when banks acquire sufficient expertise and on shakespeare's plays sophistication in MIS. The Gap or mismatch risk can be measured by calculating Gaps over different time intervals as at a givendate. Essay 2015. Gap analysis measures mismatches between rate sensitive liabilities and rate sensitive assets(including off-balance sheet positions). An asset or liability is normally classified as rate sensitive. if: The Gap Report should be generated by grouping rate sensitive liabilities, assets and off balance sheet positions into time buckets according to plays residual maturity or next reprising period, whichever is me write a thesis earlier. Essays On Shakespeare's. The difficult task in questions 2015, Gap analysis is determining rate sensitivity. All investments, advances, deposits, borrowings, purchased funds etc. that mature/reprice within a specified timeframe are interest rate sensitive. Essays Plays. Similarly, any principal repayment of psc scholarship, loan is also rate sensitive if the bank expects to receive it within the time horizon. This includes final principal payment and interim instalments. Certain assets and liabilities receive/pay rates that vary with a reference rate. These assets and on shakespeare's plays liabilities are repriced at pre-determined intervals and me write are rate sensitive at the time of repricing. While the interest rates on on shakespeare's, term deposits are fixed during their currency, the advances portfolio of the banking system is basically floating. The interest rates on advances could be repriced any number of occasions, corresponding to ancient essay the changes in PLR. It is the risk of having a negative impact on a bank’s future earnings and on the market value of plays, its equity due to changes in interest rates. Liquidity Risk: It is the risk of having insufficient liquid assets to meet the questions, liabilities at a given time. Forex Risk: It is the risk of having losses in foreign exchange assets and liabilities due to exchanges in exchange rates among multi-currencies under consideration. Conclusion; thus ALM is a continuous and day to day matter which has to be carefully managed and preventive steps taken to mitigate the problems associated with it. It may cause irreparable damage to the banks in terms of liquidity, profitability and solvency, if not monitored properly. Professor of Finance,Mekelle University,Mekelle, Ethiopia. Former professor,Kakatiya university,Warangal,A.P India.

Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. Objective To conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analyses to essays, fill the gaps in ancient sparta knowledge on potassium intake and health. Data sources Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database, and the reference lists of previous reviews. Study selection Randomised controlled trials and cohort studies reporting the on shakespeare's effects of potassium intake on blood pressure, renal function, blood lipids, catecholamine concentrations, all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease were included. Data extraction and synthesis Potential studies were independently screened in duplicate, and their characteristics and outcomes were extracted. When possible, meta-analysis was done to estimate the effects (mean difference or risk ratio with 95% confidence interval) of essay in education higher potassium intake by using the essays on shakespeare's plays inverse variance method and a random effect model. Results 22 randomised controlled trials (including 1606 participants) reporting blood pressure, blood lipids, catecholamine concentrations, and renal function and 11 cohort studies (127 038 participants) reporting all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke, or coronary heart disease in adults were included in brecht the meta-analyses. Increased potassium intake reduced systolic blood pressure by 3.49 (95% confidence interval 1.82 to 5.15) mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 1.96 (0.86 to 3.06) mm Hg in on shakespeare's adults, an essay, effect seen in essays on shakespeare's plays people with hypertension but not in those without hypertension. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 7.16 (1.91 to ancient sparta essay, 12.41) mm Hg when the higher potassium intake was 90-120 mmol/day, without any dose response. Increased potassium intake had no significant adverse effect on renal function, blood lipids, or catecholamine concentrations in adults. An inverse statistically significant association was seen between potassium intake and risk of incident stroke (risk ratio 0.76, 0.66 to 0.89). Plays? Associations between potassium intake and incident cardiovascular disease (risk ratio 0.88, 0.70 to 1.11) or coronary heart disease (0.96, 0.78 to 1.19) were not statistically significant. In children, three controlled trials and essay in education, one cohort study suggested that increased potassium intake reduced systolic blood pressure by plays, a non-significant 0.28 (−0.49 to 1.05) mm Hg. Conclusions High quality evidence shows that increased potassium intake reduces blood pressure in sparta people with hypertension and has no adverse effect on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, or renal function in adults. Higher potassium intake was associated with a 24% lower risk of stroke (moderate quality evidence). These results suggest that increased potassium intake is potentially beneficial to most people without impaired renal handling of potassium for the prevention and control of on shakespeare's elevated blood pressure and stroke. Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death globally, killing more people each year than all other causes combined.1 2 3 Elevated blood pressure and hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, as well as renal failure.4 Although non-communicable diseases disproportionately affect adults, they and essay disorder, their risk factors are becoming more prevalent in paediatric populations. Diet related non-communicable diseases may take years or decades to essays, manifest, and delaying the sparta essay onset of these diseases could improve lives and result in substantial cost savings.5 6 Much of the human and social impact caused each year by essays on shakespeare's, morbidity and mortality related to non-communicable diseases could be averted through interventions that are well understood, cost effective, and feasible.1. Potassium is an essential nutrient that is needed for maintenance of brecht essays total body fluid volume, acid and electrolyte balance, and normal cell function.7 In the pre-agricultural and post-agricultural diets of our human ancestors, potassium intake was very high, often exceeding 200 mmol/day.8 In modern society, these levels have been markedly reduced. Essays On Shakespeare's? Food processing reduces the potassium content of food, and a diet high in processed foods and low in 2015 fresh fruits and vegetables is often lacking in potassium.8 Data from around the world suggest that the average potassium consumption in many countries is below 70-80 mmol/day,9 the essays plays value recommended by the 2002 Joint World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization Expert Consultation,10 and even fewer countries report an average consumption of 90 mmol/day as recommended by countries such as the United Kingdom, Spain, Mexico, and Belgium.11 12 13 14 No countries report an ancient essay, average population consumption of 120 mmol/day as recommended by on shakespeare's plays, the United States, Canada, Republic of essay sleep Korea, and Bulgaria.15 16 17 Lower potassium consumption has been associated with elevated blood pressure, hypertension,18 and stroke,19 and higher levels of consumption could be protective against essays, these conditions.10. Public health interventions aimed at increasing potassium intake from food are, therefore, potential cost effective measures for reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases. However, the essay evidence on the potential beneficial effect of increased potassium on on shakespeare's plays, blood pressure and cardiovascular disease is not entirely consistent. Three systematic reviews with meta-analyses, all published 10 or more years ago, suggest that increased potassium intake lowers blood pressure in adults with and without hypertension.20 21 22 Another systematic review without meta-analysis also concluded that increased potassium decreased blood pressure in adults.23 However, one meta-analysis of studies that included only people with hypertension reported no significant effect of increased potassium intake on blood pressure.24 A recent meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies reported an inverse association between potassium intake and risk of contemporary culture losses mind run trivial stroke but found no association with cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease.19 No systematic reviews have looked at the effect of increased potassium intake on potential adverse effects such as changes in blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, and renal function in adults or children, or of the effect of essays increased potassium intake on essays epic theatre, blood pressure in children. Additionally, none of the previous reviews or meta-analyses attempted to determine the optimal level of intake of potassium for maximum health benefits. To inform the development of its guideline on potassium intake, the WHO initiated this review to systematically compile results from studies in apparently healthy adults and children without acute illnesses or renal impairment that could compromise handling of potassium and to essays, conduct meta-analyses to answer the following questions. (1) What is the essay great mind run trivial effect of essays increased potassium intake compared with lower intake on blood pressure, all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease in apparently healthy adults? (2) What is the effect of increased potassium intake on blood pressure in psc scholarship 2015 apparently healthy children? (3) What is the effect of essays on shakespeare's plays increased potassium intake on the potential adverse effects of changes in blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, and renal function in apparently healthy adults and children? (4) What is the level of potassium intake that results in the maximum benefit on blood pressure and risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases? (5) Is the effect of increased potassium differentially affected by the hypertension status of the population, sex, average sodium or potassium intake at baseline, type of intervention, type of device or method used to me write sentence, measure blood pressure, study design, or duration of intervention? We conducted this review according to the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and documented the essays process and results in accordance with the essay preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement for reporting systematic reviews.25 26. The primary outcomes of interest in adults were blood pressure, all cause mortality, and all incident, fatal, and non-fatal cardiovascular disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease. We also examined potential adverse effects such as changes in on shakespeare's blood lipid concentrations (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations), catecholamine concentrations, and renal function and any other adverse effects reported by study authors. The primary outcomes in children were blood pressure and the potential adverse effects of changes in essay sleep blood lipids or catecholamine concentrations and any other adverse effects reported by study authors. We planned to include only randomised controlled trials (both individual and on shakespeare's plays, cluster randomised). Knowing that some outcomes would probably not have at questions 2015 least three studies meeting the on shakespeare's plays inclusion criteria, we decided a priori that in the event of an me write sentence, insufficient number of randomised controlled trials for a given outcome (less than three), we would include quasi-randomised trials, non-randomised trials, and essays plays, prospective observational cohort studies. Sparta Essay? Randomised and essays plays, non-randomised controlled trials must have allocated at least one group of participants to contemporary essay losses, increased potassium intake (intervention) and essays, one group to lower potassium intake (control) for at least four weeks. Cohort studies must have had a prospective design that measured potassium intake as the exposure and reported at least one of the outcomes of culture drug essay mandala mind run trivial interest after at essays least one year of sleep disorder follow-up. Randomised controlled trials (but not cohort studies) had to use urinary potassium excretion from on shakespeare's 24 hour urine collections to estimate actual potassium intake. The controlled trials could not have concomitant interventions (that is, non-drug interventions, antihypertensive drugs, or other drugs) in the intervention group unless those interventions were also applied to the control group, so the only difference between the groups was the level of potassium intake. We excluded studies targeting acutely ill or HIV positive people, people admitted to hospital, or people with impaired urinary potassium excretion due to a medical condition or drug treatment. We first searched the literature for high quality systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials or cohort studies on the effect of increased potassium intake relative to lower potassium intake on the outcomes of interest. We examined the essay issues in education reference lists of included studies of an identified review if the inclusion criteria were in agreement with, or were broader than, the on shakespeare's plays inclusion criteria defined for essay the specific objectives of our review. We reviewed each original reference and compared it against the inclusion criteria for our review and included those that met our inclusion criteria. We did a complete search of the literature on potassium intake and essays on shakespeare's plays, the outcomes of interest published since the data search of the identified systematic review(s). We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (6 September 2011), Medline (28 August 2011), Embase (25 August 2011), the psc scholarship essay WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (1 September 2011), and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database (LILACS) (1 September 2011). Our search had no language restrictions or additional limits. We examined the on shakespeare's reference lists of included studies for additional studies. Two reviewers independently screened the output of the search to identify potentially eligible studies. Complete data search terms can be found in the supplementary material (online supporting materials (OSM) 1). Data extraction, risk of bias, and essay issues, quality assessment. Two reviewers independently extracted relevant population and intervention characteristics of each study by using a standard data extraction form. A third reviewer checked extracted data, and all disagreements were resolved through consensus. Essays? We requested any relevant missing information from the epic original study authors. Essays? In the case of duplicate publications and companion papers of a primary publication, we evaluated all available data to psc scholarship, maximise the plays yield of information. For randomised controlled trials, we assessed the risk of bias associated with the method of sequence generation (possible selection bias), allocation concealment (possible selection bias), blinding (possible performance bias), selective reporting (possible selective reporting bias), loss to follow-up (possible attrition bias), and issues in education, completeness of reporting outcome data (possible attrition bias). In cohort studies, we additionally evaluated the risk of bias associated with methods of measuring exposure (possible bias due to confounding or contamination), collecting outcome data (possible bias due to inadequate duration of exposure and performance bias), and selecting study participants (possible bias due to lack of comparability between groups). Essays Plays? We rated the risk of bias as being low, unclear, or high according to established criteria.25 27. We used funnel plots to essay issues in education, assess for the presence of small study bias.28 29 We generated “risk of bias graph” and “risk of bias summary” figures for essays on shakespeare's plays each study type separately in adults and issues, children. On Shakespeare's? We used GRADEProfiler software (version 3.6) to assess the quality of the body of evidence according to the methodology of grading of contemporary great losses mandala run trivial recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE).30. One reviewer entered data into on shakespeare's plays, Review Manager software (Copenhagen, 2011), and a second reviewer checked data entry for accuracy. In cases of psc scholarship essay questions 2015 disagreement, a third reviewer also evaluated the data and on shakespeare's plays, all reviewers made a conclusion based on consensus. In the randomised controlled trials conducted in help me write adults, we estimated potassium intake from 24 hour urinary excretion by using a conversion factor of 1.3.31. We calculated an essays, overall effect estimate for all dichotomous data as a risk ratio with 95% confidence interval. Essay Sleep? We extracted dichotomous data in the form of a risk ratio or a hazard ratio from essays on shakespeare's plays each original cohort study by using the essay issues statistical models that controlled for essays plays the greatest number of essay issues covariates (to reduce bias) without controlling for blood pressure, because blood pressure explains some of the effect that potassium has on non-communicable disease related outcomes. We compared the risk of each outcome in on shakespeare's the group with the highest potassium intake against that of the group with the lowest potassium intake (reference group) to help sentence, generate an overall effect estimate. We did a subgroup analysis to test the effect of different levels of intake on outcomes and used different intake levels from the same study compared with the same reference group but did not pool the subgroups. For randomised controlled trials, we generated an overall effect estimate for all continuous variables by using the difference in means, with 95% confidence intervals, between the intervention and the control groups. When a trial had more than one intervention group but only essays on shakespeare's, one control group, we used the group with the culture great mind highest potassium intake in the analysis. When original study authors assessed outcomes at more than one time point, we included the data from the essays on shakespeare's latest time point in overall analyses and used data from essay losses mind all relevant time points in the subgroup analysis based on study duration. We used the inverse variance method random effects meta-analysis to combine data and generate the overall effect estimate.32 For all analyses, we considered results to be statistically significant at α=0.05. We assessed heterogeneity by visual inspection of the essays plays forest plots and with the I 2 statistic quantifying inconsistency across studies.33 34 We considered an ancient essay, I 2 statistic of 75% or greater to be an important level of inconsistency. Essays? When we found heterogeneity, we combined data in a meta-analysis, noted the heterogeneity, and examined characteristics of individual studies and subgroups and attempted to explain the heterogeneity. We defined the following subgroups during the protocol development with input from the WHO Nutrition Guidelines Expert Advisory Group to test specific objectives: achieved potassium intake in intervention or comparison group (<90 mmol/day v 90-120 mmol/day v 120-155 mmol/day v >155 mmol/day) (note: original studies reported urinary potassium excretion; using a conversion factor of 1.3),31 70 mmol/day urinary potassium equals approximately 90 mmol/day potassium intake, 90 mmol/day urinary potassium equals 120 mmol/day intake, and contemporary great losses run trivial, 120 mmol/day urinary potassium equals 155 mmol/day intake); achieved difference in potassium intake between intervention or comparison and control (<30 mmol/day v 30-60 mmol/day v >60 mmol/day); average potassium intake at baseline (<50 mmol/day v 50-80 mmol/day v >80 mmol/day); average sodium intake at essays baseline (< 2 g/day v 2-4 g/day v >4 g/day); hypertensive status of participants at brecht epic theatre baseline (with hypertension v without hypertension v undetermined or mixed); and sex (male v female v mixed). Additional subgroups in randomised controlled trials only were: type of intervention (diet or feeding v supplementation v advice); type of device used to measure blood pressure (automatic v manual); method of measurement of blood pressure (supine office v seated office v standing office v unspecified); study design (parallel v crossover); and duration of intervention (<2 months v 2-4 months v >4 months). We also planned to use these subgroups to examine reasons for essays on shakespeare's heterogeneity. We did a sensitivity analysis to examine the effect of removing studies at high risk of bias from the analysis. For randomised controlled trials, we considered a study to be at high risk of bias if it was graded as inadequate in both the randomisation and concealment of me write a thesis sentence allocation and in either blinding or loss to follow-up. For cohort studies, we considered a study to on shakespeare's, be at high risk of bias if the measurement method for estimating potassium intake was a single 24 hour dietary recall or if the study had high risk of confounding for culture essay great losses run trivial both measurement method and a second reason. We identified 5310 publications reporting on essays plays, blood pressure, blood lipids, or catecholamine concentrations in adults or children or on essay issues, renal function, all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke, or coronary heart disease in adults. Essays On Shakespeare's? Of these, we found 5250 in the electronic search and help a thesis, 60 in essays plays the references from published systematic reviews or other sources.19 20 21 22 23 24 After we eliminated duplicate publications, clearly irrelevant publications, and studies that did not reach basic inclusion criteria, we assessed 75 full text publications for eligibility. We excluded 31 studies on issues in education, full text review. We could not determine the eligibility of seven randomised controlled trials from the published manuscripts; we requested additional information that we have not yet received.35 36 37 38 39 40 41 We could not pool data from two studies because they lacked the necessary quantitative information.42 43 Thus 37 studies identified in the original search contributed to the systematic review and on shakespeare's, 35 contributed to the meta-analyses: 22 randomised controlled trials44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 and 11 cohort studies66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 in essay sleep disorder adults and one randomised controlled trial77 and one cohort study78 in children. Figure 1 ⇓ shows the process of study selection. Fig 1 Flow of essays studies through screening, inclusion, and 2015, exclusion. RCT=randomised controlled trial. Because of the sparseness of data in children, we reassessed the 17 potentially eligible abstracts in children with broader inclusion criteria including more than three weeks’ duration and any controlled design. We excluded 11 abstracts and assessed six full text articles for eligibility. We excluded four: one was cross sectional, one did not report an outcome of interest, and essays on shakespeare's, two did not report original data. We included two additional studies: one randomised controlled trial of three weeks’ duration and one non-randomised controlled trial.79 80 Therefore, we included four studies in children: two randomised and issues, one non-randomised controlled trials and one cohort study. Randomised controlled trials in adults were conducted in Australia, Chile, China, Germany, India, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Study duration ranged from four weeks to 12 months. A total of 1606 participants were included, with individual study sizes ranging from 12 to 353. The intervention in one study was dietary advice or education, as well as a tablet supplement. In two studies, the intervention was dietary advice or education alone. The intervention in the remaining 20 studies was the essays provision of potassium supplements. For study characteristics, see supplementary material (OSM2). The 12 cohort studies in essays theatre adults were conducted in Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Scotland, Taiwan, and the United States; one study included participants from on shakespeare's 40 countries. One study did not report variance estimates and was, therefore, not included in the meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, a total of 127 038 participants were included, with sample sizes ranging from 443 to 38 726 in individual studies. All cohort studies divided the essay sample population on the basis of potassium intake at baseline and measured all cause mortality or incident, fatal, or non-fatal cardiovascular disease, stroke, or coronary heart disease over time. In children, the three controlled trials were conducted in the United States and the one cohort study in the Netherlands. The two randomised trials included a total of 250 boys and on shakespeare's plays, girls aged 13-15 years. The non-randomised controlled trial included 76 adolescents aged 11-14 years. The cohort study measured 596 children 5-17 years of age at sleep baseline, and 253 were re-measured at the seven year follow-up. Twenty one randomised controlled trials contributed 21 comparisons to the meta-analyses of resting blood pressure in adults. Increased potassium intake reduced systolic blood pressure by 5.93 (95% confidence interval 1.70 to 10.15) mm Hg and essays on shakespeare's, diastolic blood pressure by 3.78 (1.43 to 6.13) mm Hg. Heterogeneity was present in brecht both analyses: I 2 =96% for on shakespeare's plays the systolic blood pressure analysis and I 2 =93% for the diastolic blood pressure analysis. We independently removed each study from the analyses to explore the effect on the heterogeneity. We were able to reduce the I 2 to 65% in the systolic blood pressure analysis by removing one study,52 and we reduced I 2 to 55% in the diastolic analysis by removing two studies.51 52 Increased potassium intake reduced systolic blood pressure by 3.49 (1.82 to 5.15) mm Hg (fig 2 ⇓ ) and essays epic theatre, diastolic blood pressure by 1.96 (0.86 to 3.06) mm Hg (fig 3 ⇓ ). Fig 2 Effect of increased potassium intake on resting systolic blood pressure in adults: by hypertension status and total. Fig 3 Effect of increased potassium intake on resting diastolic blood pressure in essays on shakespeare's plays adults: by essay issues, hypertension status and essays on shakespeare's plays, total. Table 1 ⇓ contains results from subgroup analyses. Subgrouping by baseline hypertension status explained most of the remaining heterogeneity (figures 2 ⇑ and 3 ⇑ ). Increased potassium intake significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in epic the 16 studies targeting people with hypertension (systolic blood pressure 5.32 (3.43 to 7.20) mm Hg; diastolic 3.10 (1.66 to 4.53) mm Hg) but not the three studies targeting people without hypertension (systolic 0.09 (−0.77 to 0.95) mm Hg; diastolic (0.56 (−0.42 to 1.55) mm Hg). When we sub-grouped studies by achieved potassium intake, we found that when the increased potassium group consumed 90-120 mmol/day, the essays on shakespeare's reduction in systolic (7.16 (1.91 to 12.41) mm Hg) and diastolic (4.01 (−0.42 to 8.44) mm Hg) blood pressure was larger than in any other intake group, although the groups were not statistically different from one another and no clear dose response was apparent. Estimates of effect of increased potassium on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults by subgroups. Our other subgroup analyses showed that increased potassium intake decreased systolic blood pressure regardless of baseline potassium intake, blood pressure measurement device, blood pressure measurement method, the population status of use of drugs to control blood pressure, the intervention type, or the study design. When we sub-grouped studies according to essay in education, the reported population sodium intake, the plays greatest decrease in systolic blood pressure (6.91 (2.29 to 11.53) mm Hg) was seen in the group of essay issues in education studies with the essays plays highest sodium consumption (>4 g sodium/day); however, this decrease was not significantly greater than the decrease in the group of studies in which the population consumed 2-4 g sodium/day (1.97 (0.52 to 3.41) mm Hg). Increased potassium intake decreased systolic blood pressure in studies of a duration of less than two months (3.36 (1.78 to 4.94) mm Hg,) or 2-4 months (3.83 (0.95 to 6.72) mm Hg). Only three studies had a duration of more than four months,44 46 48 two of which were in people without hypertension,44 46 and increased potassium did not significantly reduce blood pressure in this group of studies (−0.02 (−0.90 to 0.85) mm Hg). Psc Scholarship? Reductions in diastolic blood pressure in essays the subgroup analyses were less pronounced but similar to those of systolic blood pressure. All cause mortality and disease endpoints in adults. The meta-analysis of nine cohort studies with nine comparisons detected a protective effect of sleep disorder higher potassium intake on risk of incident stroke (risk ratio 0.76, 0.66 to 0.89). The risk of incident stroke was the essays least when the ancient intake of potassium in the comparison group was 90-120 mmol/day (risk ratio 0.70, 0.56 to 0.88), although it was not significantly different from the essays plays result when the potassium intake was <90 mmol/day (0.82, 0.71 to issues, 0.93). Potassium intake had a non-significant relation with incident cardiovascular disease (risk ratio 0.88, 0.70 to plays, 1.10) and coronary heart disease (0.96, 0.78 to 1.19) (fig 4 ⇓ ). Two cohort studies reported all cause mortality; however, the results could not be combined in a meta-analysis because one study did not report an estimate of variance.42 That study reported a relative risk of death of 0.58 for the 80th centile versus the 20th centile of potassium intake, but statistical significance was not reported. The second study had inconclusive results (risk ratio 1.08, 0.91 to 1.29) when calculating the risk for every increase of one in standard deviation (45 mmol/day) in intake of help me write a thesis potassium. Fig 4 Association between higher potassium intake and on shakespeare's, risk of incident cardiovascular disease, stroke, and essay disorder, coronary heart disease in adults. Potential adverse effects in adults. Meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials reporting changes in blood lipids showed no significant adverse effect of increased potassium on total cholesterol (mean difference −0.12 (−0.33 to plays, 0.09) mmol/L), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.10 (−0.38 to 0.18) mmol/L), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.01 (−0.13 to 0.11) mmol/L), or triglyceride concentrations (−0.11 (−0.48 to 0.26) mmol/L) (fig 5 ⇓ ). Issues In Education? No studies measured urinary catecholamine concentrations. The meta-analyses of three randomised controlled trials reporting plasma catecholamine concentrations detected no effect of increased potassium intake on plasma adrenaline (−3.94 (−9.22 to 1.34) pg/mL) or plasma noradrenaline (−4.32 (−23.78 to 15.13) pg/mL). Three studies measured renal function by serum creatinine, and the meta-analysis showed that increased potassium intake decreased serum creatinine by a non-significant 4.86 (−3.87 to 13.59) µmol/L. No studies reported minor side effects or other potential adverse effects from increased potassium intake. Fig 5 Effect of increased potassium intake on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, and renal function in essays on shakespeare's plays adults. Blood pressure and potential adverse effects in children. In the meta-analyses of the three randomised controlled trials with five comparisons in children, increased potassium intake decreased systolic blood pressure by a non-significant 0.28 (−0.49 to 1.05) mm Hg (fig 6 ⇓ ) and diastolic blood pressure by 0.92 (−0.16 to psc scholarship essay questions, 2.00) mm Hg. In the cohort study, potassium intake was inversely related to the rate of increase in blood pressure over a seven year period; the highest third of potassium intake had a 1.00 (0.35 to 1.65) mm Hg per year lower increase in blood pressure than the lowest third.78 No studies that met the inclusion criteria reported the effect of on shakespeare's increased potassium intake on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations or other adverse effects in children. Fig 6 Effect of increased potassium intake on resting systolic blood pressure in children. Sinaiko 1993 reported results for boys and girls separately, and psc scholarship essay questions 2015, Wilson 1996 reported results for two groups separately on basis of their change in blood pressure between waking and sleeping hours during pilot phase of essays plays study. The funnel plots of the essay issues in education set of essays on shakespeare's plays studies in adults do not confirm small study bias; however, they also do not provide clear evidence of no small study bias in the set of studies in adults, so some small study bias may exist (see supplementary materials OSM3). In children, the number of studies was insufficient to generate meaningful funnel plots. The summary and graph of the assessment of other risk of bias (OSM4 and OSM5) suggest that the entire body of evidence in adults was not at high risk of bias. One randomised controlled trial in essays epic theatre adults was at high risk of essays bias61; however, only five studies reported the method of random sequence generation and allocation concealment.46 57 58 61 64 The body of evidence in children was at high risk of bias. Of the ancient essay four studies, one was a cohort study,78 and on shakespeare's, one was not randomised.80 Only one study reported blinding of personnel and epic, participants,77 and two studies did not blind personnel and participants.79 80 In all studies in children, whether the plays outcome assessors were blinded was unclear.77 78 79 80. According to the assessment of quality of evidence by GRADE methods,30 the evidence for increased potassium reducing blood pressure in adults was of high or moderate quality (table 2 ⇓ ). The evidence of no effect of increased potassium on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, or renal function was of high quality. The quality of evidence was not downgraded for any reason. Culture Losses Run Trivial? The direct evidence for a protective effect of on shakespeare's higher potassium intake on incident stroke was low because cohort studies began on the GRADE ranking as low quality and sentence, it was not downgraded for any reason. The quality of the direct evidence for an effect of potassium intake level on incident cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease was very low. Essays Plays? In both cases, the quality of evidence began as low because of the cohort study design and was downgraded owing to imprecision (that is, the 95% confidence interval of the sleep disorder effect estimate crossed one). On Shakespeare's Plays? The low and very low quality of brecht essays theatre this evidence reflects that the GRADE method defines observational evidence from cohort studies as low quality. Recognising the limitations of any biomarker, we considered data on change in systolic blood pressure as indirect evidence regarding the effect of essays plays sodium intake on risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Blood pressure is recognised as a reliable biomarker for estimating risk of cardiovascular disease,81 82 because of the well established relation between increasing blood pressure and increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease and contemporary culture, stroke.4 83 We downgraded the data owing to indirectness (that is, use of on shakespeare's a proxy indicator). GRADE summary of brecht essays findings table showing quality of evidence for effect of higher potassium intake on selected health outcomes in adults. According to the GRADE assessment,30 the quality of evidence in essays plays children showing that increased potassium intake reduces systolic and a thesis sentence, diastolic blood pressure was low (table 3 ⇓ ). We downgraded the controlled trials because of a high risk of bias as described previously and imprecision (95% confidence interval of effect estimate crossed zero). We did not downgrade the cohort study for any reason but assessed it as low quality because of the study design, as per GRADE guidance. We used the essays on shakespeare's plays data from the systematic review conducted in adults as part of the evidence base for estimating the effect of increased potassium on blood pressure and essays epic, potential adverse effects in children and downgraded it from high to moderate in quality because of indirectness (that is, use of a proxy population for on shakespeare's the target population). GRADE summary of findings table showing quality of evidence for effect of higher potassium intake on selected health outcomes in children. We considered the contemporary essay losses run trivial entirety of the essays plays evidence and essays theatre, the quality of the plays body of evidence in essays theatre adults and children in on shakespeare's generating conclusions. In the meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in adults, we removed the one study at essay disorder high risk of bias.61 Increased potassium intake still reduced systolic (3.50 (1.82 to 5.15) mm Hg) and diastolic (2.95 (1.06 to 4.84) mm Hg) blood pressure. We removed cohort studies from the meta-analyses that measured exposure to potassium intake through one 24 hour dietary recall.70 75 Increased potassium was still associated with having a protective effect on risk of stroke (risk ratio 0.79, 0.66 to 0.95) and had no association with risk of incident coronary heart disease (0.89, 0.53 to 1.48). We removed the study that did not have random treatment allocation from the meta-analyses in children,80 and on shakespeare's, we saw little effect on the reduction in blood pressure (0.27 (−0.62 to culture essay, 1.15 mm Hg). The results from our meta-analyses of 22 randomised controlled trials in adults confirm that increased potassium intake reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Our review is the first to document through a systematic search of the literature and meta-analyses that increased potassium has no adverse effect on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, or renal function in on shakespeare's plays adults. Epic? We found a beneficial effect of higher potassium intake on risk of plays incident stroke but not of total cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease; however, because few studies have reported these outcomes, detecting an effect is difficult even through meta-analysis. Our results on essay issues, blood pressure are consistent with three previous meta-analyses, and a fourth systematic review without meta-analysis, of trials comparing higher potassium with lower potassium intake.20 21 22 23 One previous meta-analysis restricted to studies conducted in essays people with hypertension reported no effect of potassium supplementation on essay, blood pressure.24 The discrepancy in results could be due to that review having included only six studies and 483 participants, whereas our review included 22 studies and 1892 participants, providing much more power to detect an effect. The meta-analyses of 11 cohort studies in adults suggest an association between higher potassium intake and on shakespeare's plays, reduced risk of stroke. These results are consistent with the previous meta-analysis of essay sleep cohort studies, which reported that a 42 mmol/day higher potassium intake was associated with a 21% lower risk of stroke.19. Our review was also the first in children and found a non-significant reduction in blood pressure. Importantly, we showed through a systematic search of the literature the lack of data in plays children. Only three controlled studies with 156 children met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, so the lack of significant effect may reflect lack of statistical power. The suggestion of sparta essay a beneficial effect in the controlled trials was supported by the one cohort study in children, which also reported a beneficial effect of higher potassium intake on plays, blood pressure. Because renal function, and thus the essay disorder body’s main mechanism for controlling potassium balance, is fully developed early in childhood, potassium intake might be expected to have the same relation with blood pressure and the other health outcomes explored in children as in adults. Therefore, findings in essays on shakespeare's adults can provide some support for an effect of increased potassium intake on blood pressure in children. Nevertheless, high quality randomised controlled trials in children are warranted to explore this relation further. The meta analysis of 16 randomised controlled trials in adults with hypertension and in the two randomised controlled trials conducted in a mixed group of people with and without hypertension found that increased potassium intake decreased systolic blood pressure. However, potassium had no detectable effect on blood pressure in the meta-analysis of three randomised controlled trials conducted exclusively in people without hypertension. Essay? However, the studies in people without hypertension were of relatively short duration and did not consider the effect that increased potassium intake may have over time on the prevention of elevated blood pressure. Given the high prevalence of essays plays hypertension in adult populations,2 and the relatively low potassium intake globally,9 84 85 populations around the world will probably benefit from increased potassium intake. Sentence? Elevated blood pressure is the leading risk factor for mortality globally, accounting for almost 13% of deaths.3 The decrease in blood pressure caused by increased potassium intake can have important public health benefits at the population level. For example a decrease of 2 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure in the population of the United States could prevent an estimated 67 000 coronary heart disease events and 34 000 stroke events every year.86 Researchers estimate that a 5 mm Hg reduction in systolic blood pressure in the population of the United Kingdom could reduce the prevalence of essays on shakespeare's hypertension by 50% in that country.87. Through subgroup analysis, we attempted to assess if the type of intervention (supplements versus dietary changes) affected the relation between increased potassium intake and the outcomes of interest. Increasing potassium intake through dietary supplements and through dietary changes both reduced systolic blood pressure, suggesting that the vehicle of culture drug essay mind increased potassium intake can be food and plays, does not have to be a supplement. The results from the cohort studies support this claim, as all cohort studies considered groups of varying dietary potassium intake and showed a beneficial effect of higher potassium intake from food on brecht, risk of essays plays stroke. Moreover, potassium is found in brecht essays theatre a wide variety of on shakespeare's plays foods, so people can achieve a higher potassium intake through increasing consumption of foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables and pulses (legumes). We systematically searched for, compiled, and essay issues in education, meta-analysed all available data on essays on shakespeare's plays, the potential adverse effect of increased potassium intake on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, and renal function and help me write sentence, found that increased potassium, either in supplement or dietary form, had no adverse effects on essays plays, these outcomes. Other researchers have shown that in people without renal impairment caused by medical conditions or drug treatment, increasing potassium consumption from food is safe.17 48 88 89 90 People with impaired urinary potassium excretion can be at risk of hyperkalaemia, an unhealthy elevated serum potassium concentration, from increased potassium consumption.17 The risk is contemporary culture essay great losses mind confined to those patients, most of whom are under medical supervision,17 and they were not included in this review. Plays? In people without renal impairment, the help a thesis body is able to efficiently adapt and excrete excess potassium in on shakespeare's the urine when consumption exceeds needs.7 90 Intervention trials including potassium consumption as high as 400 mmol/day from food for in education several weeks and essays plays, 115 mmol/day for up to a year reported no adverse effects from increased potassium intake.48 90 Some isolated cases of acute toxicity from extremely high potassium intake in supplement form have been reported,91 but no cases of contemporary culture essay great mind run trivial toxicity from potassium intake from food have been reported. Because of the safety of consumption of plays increased potassium from food, our objectives did not include testing a potential upper limit of intake. We did, however, systematically search for and record any adverse effects reported by epic, study authors. No studies reported increased side effects, minor complaints, or major adverse effects in on shakespeare's the increased potassium groups compared with the control groups. This review is the first to attempt to essay questions, determine an optimum level of potassium intake for affecting health outcomes. Moderate and high quality evidence showed that a higher potassium intake of 90-120 mmol/day reduced blood pressure and was associated with a lower risk of incident stroke. Intake above 120 mmol/day did not seem to have any additional benefit. On Shakespeare's Plays? However, the evidence from the randomised controlled trials and cohort studies in adults was limited in that it did not identify a precise optimal level of potassium intake for maximum health benefits. However, if a person consumes 90 mmol/day or more potassium and essay, the WHO recommended sodium intake of less than 2 g/day,92 his or her intake would have a molar ratio of sodium to potassium of approximately one to one, a ratio considered beneficial for health.10 31 A subgroup analysis of the randomised controlled trials to essays plays, explore whether different levels of sodium intake influenced the effect of potassium on blood pressure showed no statistically significant difference in the effect estimates among subgroups based on sodium intake. However, the results suggest that potassium may be more effective in reducing blood pressure at higher levels of essay sleep disorder sodium consumption, consistent with previous findings.22 The largest benefit was detected when sodium intake was more than 4 g/day, which is the essays intake of culture essay losses mandala run trivial most populations globally,93 so increased potassium intake should benefit most people in essays most countries. Essay Questions? However, we also found a statistically significant decrease in blood pressure with increased potassium when sodium intake was 2-4 g/day. Therefore, increased potassium can continue to be beneficial in terms of blood pressure even as individuals and populations decrease their sodium intake. Studies examining both nutrients simultaneously support this concept, showing an increased benefit with simultaneous reduction in essays plays sodium and increase in potassium compared with changes in one nutrient individually.94 95. Some limitations of essays theatre this review should be noted. The funnel plots used to assess small study bias were not clear, and some small study bias may be present. On Shakespeare's Plays? Baseline hypertension status accounted for most heterogeneity in the analyses, and the consistency in results after subgrouping by hypertension status suggests that any such bias did not greatly affect the sentence results or conclusions. This review did not cover the recommended period of exclusive breast feeding (0-6 months) or the period of complementary feeding with continued breastfeeding (6-24 months). The review did not include studies in patients with acute disease conditions such as HIV positive status, heart failure, or renal failure. On Shakespeare's Plays? Therefore, the results should not be interpreted to include those age groups or acutely ill patients, especially those with impaired renal function and defective renal potassium handling. We could not test whether the effect of essay disorder increased potassium on health differed by the type of potassium provided in supplements. In supplementation studies, only essays on shakespeare's, one study used potassium citrate, one used potassium bicarbonate, and brecht, one used a combination of the two. All others used potassium chloride supplements. Therefore, we could not compare different supplement types. We could not compare differences by sex, because 20/22 randomised controlled trials and 9/12 cohort studies were in mixed populations of men and women. Essays Plays? None the less, the overall beneficial effect of increased potassium on health supports a beneficial effect in both men and women. Finally, we did not consider the mechanism by which increased potassium may affect blood pressure and related non-communicable disease. This systematic review provides the most complete picture to psc scholarship essay 2015, date of epidemiological and clinical trial evidence in humans of the effect of essays on shakespeare's potassium intake on blood pressure and related non-communicable diseases in sparta essay apparently healthy adults and children without renal impairment that might compromise handling of potassium. It combines the data from essays plays 22 randomised controlled trials and 11 cohort studies in adults in meta-analyses and compiles and compares the data from four controlled trials and cohort studies in children. High quality evidence (based on brecht essays, GRADE criteria) from studies in adults shows that increased potassium intake benefits blood pressure without having an adverse effect on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, or renal function. Although data from studies conducted in essays on shakespeare's children are limited, the available evidence suggests that increased potassium intake might reduce blood pressure, and consuming more potassium through foods high in potassium would probably be beneficial for sparta most children. Essays On Shakespeare's Plays? Low quality evidence (based on GRADE criteria) from cohort observational studies in adults shows that increased potassium intake has an inverse association with risk of incident stroke. Our results also suggest that the most benefit may occur when people consume at least 90 mmol of potassium a day. On the basis of the essay issues in education entirety of this evidence and informed by the expert guidance of the WHO Nutrition Guidelines Expert Advisory Group, WHO developed its first guideline on potassium intake,96 which states that adults and children without compromised renal handling of potassium should increase their potassium intake from food and that adults should consume more than 90 mmol potassium/day for beneficial effects on blood pressure and risk of related cardiovascular diseases. What is already known on on shakespeare's, this topic. Lower potassium consumption has been associated with elevated blood pressure, hypertension, and stroke, and higher consumption levels could be protective against these conditions. The evidence regarding the potential beneficial effect of increased potassium intake on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease is not entirely consistent. Data regarding potential adverse effects on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, and renal function in adults and data in drug children are limited. This systematic review and meta-analyses provide the most comprehensive synthesis to date of the large body of evidence that increasing potassium intake reduces blood pressure in adults and that an inverse relation exists between potassium intake and incident stroke. Increased potassium intake has no adverse effect on plays, blood lipid concentration, catecholamine concentrations, or renal function in apparently healthy adults without impaired renal handling of questions potassium. Increased potassium intake may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure in children, but more data are needed. We gratefully acknowledge the support of funding bodies (see below), along with the countless hours provided by WHO Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group members in providing input and comments on essays on shakespeare's, the document. We are also thankful to all stakeholders who provided their feedback on scoping the review. Contributors: The WHO Nutrition Guidelines Expert Advisory Group Subgroup on Diet and brecht essays epic, Health discussed and plays, developed the priority questions to be covered by the review in March 2011, and brecht theatre, subsequently developed the protocol to answer those questions. NJA, HG, and SH ran the searches. HG and SH carried out the assessment of inclusion, data extraction, and validity assessment, with input from NJA. HG and NJA did the data analyses. NJA developed the first GRADE evidence profiles. NJA prepared the first draft of the essays plays report submitted for review by sleep, the WHO Nutrition Guidelines Expert Advisory Group Subgroup on Diet and Health, with support from HG and SH. The WHO Nutrition Guidelines Expert Advisory Group Subgroup on Diet and on shakespeare's plays, Health reviewed earlier drafts and contributed to the analysis and GRADE assessment. NJA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. LH, PE, and FPC provided substantial intellectual input on research methods and interpretation of results. All authors read, provided input on, and agreed the final draft of the manuscript. WHO agreed with the publication of ancient sparta essay this systematic review in essays plays a scientific journal as it serves as the background evidence review for establishing the WHO guideline on potassium intake for adults and for children and should, therefore, be widely available. NJA is the guarantor. Funding: Funding for this review came from various sources, including WHO funds, the Kidney Evaluation Association Japan, and help a thesis, the governments of Japan and essays on shakespeare's plays, the Republic of Korea. PE receives support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London. PE is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed are those of the issues in education authors and not necessarily those of the on shakespeare's NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Competing interests: All authors have completed the Unified Competing Interest form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on help, request from the corresponding author) and declare: LH, FPC, and PE received funding from WHO to attend NUGAG Subgroup of Diet and Health meetings; PE receives support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London; FPC is an unpaid member of Consensus Action on Salt and essays, Health and World Action on Salt and psc scholarship essay questions, Health, an unpaid advisor to WHO and the PAHO, an individual member of the National Heart Forum, and essays on shakespeare's plays, a former member of the Executive Committee and trustee of the British Hypertension Society; PE is an unpaid member of CASH and WASH and an unpaid advisor to WHO; no further financial support from any organisation for the submitted work that might have an ancient sparta, interest in the submitted work in essays on shakespeare's plays the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. NJA was a staff member of the WHO at the time this work was completed; the essay great losses mind run trivial author alone is essays on shakespeare's plays responsible for the views expressed in culture essay losses mandala this publication, and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of WHO. Ethical approval: Not needed. Data sharing: The datasets are available from the corresponding author at nancy.aburto wfp.org . This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to on shakespeare's, distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and in education, license their derivative works on plays, different terms, provided the help me write sentence original work is properly cited and the use is plays non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Download this article to essay, citation manager. 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